小学科学教师开发利用博物馆课程资源的个案研究

A Case Study on How a Primary Science Teacher Exploring and Utilizing Museum Curriculum Resources

运用个案研究法,长期观察一位个案小学科学教师,探讨其将博物馆资源融入课程教学实践的动机,开发利用博物馆课程资源的能力养成途径,以及在此过程中获得的专业成长.个案小学科学教师利用博物馆资源的动机包括:感知到博物馆资源的丰富性及其与课程的密切联系,学校文化的熏染与培育以及教师自我效能感的追求.个案教师通过参与多群体的教育行动研究,与研究同伴研讨交流以及不断自我反思等学习途径提升了博物馆课程资源开发利用的能力,并进而提升了课程实施的有效性.个案教师在此过程中也获得了专业的成长,表现在融合社会文化资源于课程教学实践的能力得以提升;发展了非正式学习环境中的组织和教学技能;增强了与校外人员沟通协作,共同研究教育问题的能力.研究还发现,行动研究是博物馆课程资源开发最好的组织形式;需要运用多种形式的博物馆课程资源来达成不同的课程目标,同时在课程资源开发利用的过程中需要综合考虑各种影响因素,寻找对应的策略.

In this study, a case study was used to observe a science teacher in a case primary school for a long time, to explore the motivation of integrating museum resources into curriculum teaching practice, to develop and utilize the developing ways of ability in museum curriculum resources and to obtain professional growth in the process. The motivation of science teachers in case primary schools to use museum resources includes: perceiving the richness of museum resources and their close relationship with curriculum, the influence and cultivation of school culture and the pursuit of teachers’ sense of self-efficacy. Case teachers have improved the ability of museum curriculum resources development and utilization through participation in educational action research, discussion and communication with research partners and continuous self-reflection, and then enhanced the effectiveness of curriculum implementation. In this process, case teachers have also achieved professional growth, which is manifested in the improvement of the ability to integrate social and cultural resources into curriculum teaching practice, the development of organizational and teaching skills in the informal learning environment, and the enhancement of the ability to communicate and cooperate with out-of-school personnel to study educational issues together. Collaborative action research is the best form of organization to explore and make use of museum curriculum resources;there is various ways to use museums curriculum resources and we should consider all kinds of influencing factors on the process of exploration and utilization so that we can find corresponding strategy.