量词的性质及量词结构的构造

On the Nature of Classifiers and Classifier Constructions

文章在对量词的性质与特征进行梳理的基础上提出,量词结构的形式是双数量词形式,其中,前一个数量词充当主限定语,后一个数量词充当次限定语,二者合起来表示一个完整的结构,在结构上呈现一种“双数量词”格局,即以数量词结构为核心层的双数量词结构系统。这种假设不但可以建立以数量词结构为核心层的双数量词结构系统,而且可以解释以往量词结构研究中许多令人困惑的问题,诸如为何量词结构与名词短语结构之间具有相似的句法结构但却有不同的句法操作和句法表现,为何量词结构的句法中心语与语义中心不对称,以及为何量词、准量词和名词具有不同的句法操作和句法表现,尤其是重叠量词结构和多重量词结构如何生成的问题。

Based on a summary of the properties and features of classifiers,this paper proposes that classifier constructions are composed of two classifiers,of which the first numeral-classifier serves as the main modifier,while the second numeral-classifier serves as a subordinate modifier.The combination of the two numeral-classifiers denotes a complete structure,which presents the pattern of double numeral-classifier,i.e.a double numeral-classifier structural system headed by the numeral-classifier construction.This hypothesis can establish a double numeral-classifier structural system headed by the numeral-classifier construction and solve many long-standing puzzles related to classifier constructions,such as why classifier constructions and NPs have similar syntactic structures but different syntactic operations and representations,why there is asymmetry between the syntactic head and the semantic head with regard to classifier constructions,and why classifiers,quasi-classifiers and nouns have different syntactic operations and representations.What’s most important,it can account for the ways in which overlapping classifier constructions and multiple classifier constructions are generated.