歌谣中的“政风”“民俗”与“人心”——论中国当代歌谣的诗性话语、政治诉求、传播影响与对策

“Political Ethos”, “Folk Customs” and “People’s Feelings” in Folk Songs:On the Poetic Discourse, Political Appeal, Communication Influence of Contemporary Chinese Folk Songs and the Countermeasures

20世纪80年代中期以来,随着当代中国社会经济体制的转型,社会道德风尚和人们的审美趣味发生巨大嬗变,其中产生的口头歌谣一直关注着社会习俗风尚和审美趣味的变化,它扎根于现实的土壤,因而也充满了文学批判的锋芒,而且始终保持着新的诗意活力。由于民间传播模式具有潜在性、隐蔽性、草根性、娱乐性以及随意性等特点,当代大部分民谣歌谣只是对现实矛盾问题进行评判,继承了传统民间歌谣的诗性表达的讽喻特征,但作为民间文学话语,它也表达了平民大众对当下社会转型时期出现的各种现象感到困惑和讽刺,也传达出了一些民情、民意和民声,值得政府部门和人文社会科学工作者关注。从民谣的文学修辞表达、价值取向、传播导向及其负面影响分析当代民歌民谣的文学价值、文化价值和社会效应,这种研究不仅了解当代社会平民大众的思想观念、审美倾向、文学表达和价值导向,对当下人们所面对的社会矛盾困境如何解决和如何寻找合理对策提出思考和建议,也为民间文学话语传播和大众文化研究提供参考。

Since the mid-1980s,with the transformation of contemporary Chinese social and economic systems,social morality and people’s aesthetic tastes have undergone tremendous changes.The oral songs produced at then have always been concerned with the changes of social customs and aesthetic tastes.These folks are rooted in the soil of reality,and thus are full of the literary criticism,and always maintain a new poetic vitality.Because the folk communication model is characterized by potential,concealment,grassroots,entertainment and randomness,most of the folk songs in modern times only question and allegiate the contradictions of reality,inheriting the literary features of the poetic expression of traditional folk songs.However,as a contemporary folklore discourse,it expresses the helplessness,confusion and judgment of certain social reality contradictions,and also conveys some people’s feelings,public opinion and folk voices,which deserve the attention of government departments and humanities and social science workers.Analysis and explanation of the literary rhetoric expression,value orientation,dissemination orientation and its negative influence can reveal the literary value,cultural value and social effect of the contemporary folk songs and ballads.This kind of study is beneficial to us in several aspects.It can not only help us understand the ideas,aesthetic tendency,literary expression and value orientation of the common people in the contemporary society,but also offer suggestions for the solution of the social contradictions faced by present people.Besides,it can provide important theoretical reference resources for the spread of folklore discourse and the study of popular culture.