长江经济带工业企业绿色创新效率的演变规律

The evolution pattern of green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

在考虑非期望产出的前提下,采用超效率非期望两阶段网络DEA法测算2008~2016年长江经济带工业企业绿色创新效率,运用对数平均权重分解法(LMDI)对其影响因素进行分解,并估算各因素的实际贡献份额和区域差异.结果发现:长江经济带整体工业企业绿色创新效率均值为0.2710,即样本期内并未实现DEA有效,呈现出从下游地区向上游地区依次递减的趋势;并且下游与中游、上游地区工业企业之间的平均绿色创新效率水平差距呈现出逐渐扩大趋势,发展态势明显不平衡;整体上自身创新效应对工业企业绿色创新效率影响最大,剩余依次为工业企业消化吸收效应、购买国内技术效应、引进技术效应、技术改造效应和工业污染治理效应;新产品开发经费效应在第一和第二阶段一直处于主导地位;吸收消化经费和购买国内技术经费对工业企业绿色创新效率的正向促进作用明显;吸收消化和购买国内技术经费的增加在两阶段中的表现一致,但第二阶段的效应量下降明显;各因素对工业企业绿色创新效率的贡献差异呈现自东向西的减弱趋势,但中部地区的效应量不高;从时间变化趋势来看,长江经济带平均效应量整体呈现增加的趋势,但在“十二五”期间总效应量则呈现递减趋势.此外,上游和中游地区各因素效应量促进了工业企业绿色创新效率的提升.

Under the consideration of unexpected output,the innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was measured through the use of Two Stage Network DEA method(Super-efficiency undesirable outputs)-for the period of 2008 to 2016.The LMDI method was also used to decompose the influencing factors,and estimate the actual contribution shares of individual factors and regional differences.The result showed that the average value of green innovation efficiency of the overall industrial enterprises in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was 0.2710,which means that the DEA was not effective during the sampling period.The figure showed a decreasing trend from the downstream area to the upstream area.The average green innovation efficiency gap between the downstream area enterprises and middle and upstream area enterprises was broadened gradually,denoting an obvious unbalanced development among them.Generally speaking,the innovation effect had the greatest impact on the green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises,followed by the industrial enterprise assimilation of technology effect,the purchase of domestic technology effect,the introduction of technological effect,technological transformation effect and industrial pollution control effect.Meanwhile,the new product development funding effect played a predominant role at the first and second stages.The expenditure on assimilation of technology and the expenditure on domestic technology purchasing had positively promoted the green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises.The increase of expenditure on both assimilation of technology and purchase of domestic technology had the same effect at the two stages,but the effect at the second stage was significantly reduced.The contribution of various factors to the green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises showd a weakening trend from the east to the west,but the effect in the central region was not high.From the time series,the average amount of the effect in the Yangtze River economic belt showed a increasing trend,with an exception during the period of"The Twelfth Five-Year Plan".In addition,the effects of various factors in the upstream and midstream areas promoted the efficiency of green innovation in industrial enterprises.