新中国成立七十年来的城镇化与城乡关系：历程、变迁与反思

Urbanization and Urban-Rural Relations in China(1949-2019):Course, Transition and Reflection

新中国成立七十年来,中国城镇化率快速提升,城乡关系也发生了历史性转变。在以政府为主导力量的城镇化模式下,城镇化进程实际上反映了国家在推动社会主义现代化建设的过程中对不同时期城市和乡村的功能定位,以及关于城乡关系的不同发展思路与战略。本文基于对新中国成立七十年来城镇化所经历的从波动城镇化、农村城镇化、土地城镇化到新型城镇化的四个阶段特征的梳理,认为城乡关系实际上从以工业化为核心的"以城统乡"阶段,转向相互融合但要素仍然是由乡向城单向流动的"城乡分治"阶段,并逐步开始进入共荣共生的"城乡一体"阶段。本研究认为这一城镇化历程及其背后所体现的从城市汲取农村到城市反哺农村的城乡关系变迁,意味着我国开始探索出一条有中国特色的城镇化道路,也为社会主义可以怎样建设和发展城市提供了有益模式。

Since 1949,China's urbanization rate has risen rapidly,and urban-rural relations have also undergone historic changes.Under the government-led urbanization model,China's urbanization reflects the state has different functional orientations of cities and villages in different stages of the socialist modernization,as well as different ideas and strategies on urban-rural relations.Based on the characteristics of four stages of urbanization in the past 70 years,this paper argues that the urban-rural relationship actually shifts from the stage of industrialization as the core goal,to the stage that elements flow one-way from the rural areas to the cities,and now enters the stage of urban and rural integration.This study argues that this urbanization process and the adjustments of urban-rural relations mean that China not only explores a road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics,but also provides a useful model for how socialist cities can be built.