社会保障制度调节收入差距的国际比较及启示

International Comparison and Enlightenment of Social Security System Regulating Income Gap

改革开放以来,在中国经济持续高速增长的同时,收入差距扩大问题日益凸显。规范收入分配秩序,完善收入分配调控机制和政策体系是调节收入差距的着力点。社会保障制度是政府调节收入差距、追求社会公平的重要政策工具。美国和瑞典是发达国家市场导向型社会保障制度和福利型社会保障制度的典型代表,对比两种不同社会保障制度调节收入差距的效果,并探讨其收入再分配效应产生差异的原因,总结其社会保障制度调节收入差距的成效和经验,有助于我国通过规范收入分配秩序、完善社会保障制度调节收入差距。

China has experienced rapid and prolonged economic growth since commencing economic reform.However,despite the dominant discourse of pursuing economic growth,challenges in income disparity remain.Regulating income order and improving income adjusting mechanism and policy is a main task for the government.Social security is one of the main income adjusting tool and it can improve social justice.The paper analyzes the feature of USA and Sweden social security adjusting income disparity.The author also discusses the reasons why the two typical social security adjusting income disparity model lead to such big difference.The successful experience of the USA and Sweden social security adjusting income disparity is very important for us to learn and is helpful for us to regulate income order and policy.It is also helpful for us to improve China’s social security system.