新疆外来入侵害虫欧洲甘蓝粉虱主要生物学特性分析

Biological characteristics of the cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae), a new invasive pest in Xinjiang

为明确近年来入侵我国蔬菜和园艺作物的新害虫--欧洲甘蓝粉虱Aleyrodes proletella的主要生物学特性,于2017-2018年在新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)乌鲁木齐市通过田间定点调查、随机调查以及室内饲养观察,对其年生活史、越冬虫态及越冬场所等进行了研究。结果显示,在室内不同温度条件下饲养,欧洲甘蓝粉虱各龄期的发育历期存在显著差异,在15、20、25、30℃下,卵至羽化阶段的发育历期分别为56.12、25.63、22.00、20.95 d。欧洲甘蓝粉虱在新疆1年发生6~7代,其中第7代的伪蛹少数能羽化为成虫后越冬,其余各虫态入冬后就停止发育,且不能越冬。欧洲甘蓝粉虱于新疆在夏季完成1代需要20~25 d,从第2代开始在田间出现世代重叠;该虫以雌性成虫在甘蓝Brassica oleracea、青菜B. chinensis var. chinensis、大蒜芥Sisymbrium loeselii、晚期油麦菜(莴苣栽培变种)Lactuca sativa var. longifolia、晚期野莴苣L. serriola、苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus、肥皂草Saponaria officinaiis和蜀葵Althaea rosea等耐寒植物叶背越冬。表明欧洲甘蓝粉虱在乌鲁木齐市显示出极强的适生性,而且其发生世代较国内外已报道的有所增加。

To clarify the main biological characteristics of a new invasive pest on vegetables and horticulture plants in Urumqi in Xinjiang, China, the annual life cycle, overwintering stages and locations of the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella were intensively investigated in combination with field observation and surveys in 2017-2018. The results showed that the development durations of different stages were significantly different at different temperatures;the total developmental durations(egg to emergence) were 56.12, 25.63, 22.00 and 20.95 d at 15, 20, 25 and 30℃, respectively. Field surveys indicated that there were approximately 6-7 generations a year in Xinjiang, and only a few pseudopupae of the7 th generation emerged to adult to overwinter, and the rest of individuals stop developing and could not survive winter. It took about 20-25 days for a generation in summer, and generations overlapped from the 2 nd generation. Female adults overwintered on the lower surface of leaves of the cold tolerant plants such as Brassica oleracea, B. chinensis var. chinensis, Sisymbrium loeselii, Lactuca sativa var. longifolia, L. serriola, Sonchus oleraceus, Saponaria officinaiis, Althaea rosea. The study indicated that A. proletella exhibited strong adaptability in Urumqi, and the number of generations increased compared with the previous reports.