日本职前大学教师发展的经验及启示

The Experience and Implications from Japan’s Pre-Faculty Development Program

高等教育的质量离不开教师素质和水平的提升,而博士生作为学术职业的后备人才,其培养却鲜少受到重视。由于日益加深教学与科研矛盾和窄化的博士生教育使博士生在学术职业市场里缺乏竞争力,日本开展了助教制度、短期讲座项目和职前教师发展项目。为有效提升博士生未来从事学术职业的水平,我国应精准定位教师发展的新诉求、加强教师发展机构的组织建设。

While the quality of higher education depends on the quality and level of the faculty,the cultivation of doctoral students as reserve talents for academic careers is rarely valued.In order to solve the contradiction between teaching and research and to enhance the competitiveness of doctoral students,Japan has developed a teaching assistant system,short-term lecture programs and pre-faculty development programs.For the effective improvement of the level of academic careers for doctoral students in the future,China should accurately locate the new demands of faculty development and strengthen the organizational construction of faculty development institutions.