摘要
戊戌政变后,康党发挥自己的宣传优势,对政变过程进行了有利于自己的宣传,以证明政变的倒行逆施与自己出逃的合法性。其中,康党对政变主角的宣传经历了从戊戌年的"逆后"说到己亥年"贼臣"说的转变,这是康党依据戊戌己亥年时局的变动作出的策略调整。政变之初,康党对时局的判断是光绪帝将很快被废,甚至被弑,并据此形成自己的宣传策略,塑造"逆后"形象遂成为康党宣传的主要内容;进入己亥年,一方面光绪帝并没有像康党预判的那样被废被弑,另一方面康党求助于列强的希望也化为泡影。在此背景下,康党被迫调整宣传策略:由塑造"逆后"形象转变为诋毁"贼臣",调和两宫,为促成太后归政制造舆论。于是,"贼臣"荣禄取代"逆后",成为发动政变的罪魁祸首。康党宣传策略的调整得到了新党舆论的呼应,从而成为阻止清廷政治退化的重要力量。
After the coup d'état in the year of Wuxu(1898),the KANG Youwei's Party used their advantage in propaganda and carried out statements conducive to their own stance on the issue of coup to declare the rebellious nature of the coup and the rationality of his flee abroad.The condemnation for the launcher of the coup d'état changed from the"rebellious empress dowager"in the year of Wuxu(1898)to the"treacherous minister"in the year of Jihai(1899),which is the strategic adjustment made by the Party based on the changes in the situation of 1888-1889 period.At the beginning of the coup,the party predicted that the Emperor Guangxu would soon be dethroned and even killed,and accordingly formed his own propaganda strategy of shaping the"rebellious empress dowager"image,the main content of KANG's propaganda;but in the year of Jihai(1899),Emperor Guangxu was not dethroned or killed as the Kang's Party predicted.Meanwhile,the KANG's Party failed to gain support from the foreign powers.Under this circumstance,the KANG's Party was forced to adjust their propaganda strategy:blaming the"treacherous minister"instead of the"rebellious empress dowager",reconciling the power of two empress dowagers and leading the public opinion for supporting empress dowager to regain power.Thus,the"treacherous minister"Ronglu became the chief culprit to blame for launching the coup.The adjustment of the KANG's Party's propaganda strategy has been echoed by the party of innovation,who then became an important force to prevent the political degradation of the Qing court at that period.
作者
贾小叶
JIA Xiaoye(Institute of modern history,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China)
出处
《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期73-82,共10页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
关键词
戊戌政变
“逆后”
“贼臣”
康党
宣传策略
1898 coup d’etat
rebellious empress dowager
treacherous minister
KANG Youwei’s Party
propaganda strategy