大革命前夕粤省社会生态述论

On the Social Ecology of Guangdong Province before the Great Revolution

辛亥革命摧毁了粤省旧的政治架构和运行机制,新的政府权威和权力系统长期难以确立。进入20年代,从省城到广大乡村,"无政府"权力真空地带逐步扩大,社会控制能力逐级减弱。广州政府财政汲取能力持续萎缩,只能开禁烟赌,对赌盗匪娼的肆虐泛滥更是无能为力,社会风化日趋窳败。来自各省的旧式军队(包括"联军")专横跋扈,遍地设卡苛抽,同时出现大批亦兵亦匪、亦民亦匪的边际群体。面临社会失范和商业生态崩溃,粤省商人逐渐"觉醒",进而力图"自救",逐渐聚集成民间社会的主导力量。

The old political structure and operating mechanism of Guangdong Province was destroyed by the revolution of 1911 in China,but it was difficult to establish the new government authority and power system even after a long period of time.In the 1920 s,the"anarchic"power vacuum district gradually expanded from the provincial capital to the vast countryside,and the control was gradually weakened.Facing the shrinking financial capacity,Guangzhou government had no choice but to lift the ban on smoking opium and gambling,and as a result,had no power to control the gambling,theft,robbery and prostitution,which gradually corrupted the social decency.The old armies from the various provinces(including the"Allied Troops")was so despotic that they set checkpoints to charging the passengers without authority,and numerous marginal groups of soldiers and bandits,or civilians and bandits gather all over the province.Confronting social anomie and the collapsing business ecology,Guangdong businessmen were awakened,and then managed to conduct self-relief,and gathered into the leading force of non-government society.