一株蜡样芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及分解多种家禽羽毛效果观察

Isolation and identification of Bacillus cereus and observation of its effect on decomposition of various poultry feathers

针对家禽养殖业年产80多万吨鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽羽毛废弃物难以资源化回收利用的现状,旨在筛选适应强、降解羽毛范围广、分解率高的菌株。运用生物化学鉴定、结合基因检测技术筛选,鉴定蜡样芽孢杆菌;通过发酵培养技术进行羽毛降解形态学观察及羽毛降解蛋白质定量测定,以证实筛选的菌株是否具有完全降解鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽羽毛的作用。结果获得了1株能够降解鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等多种家禽羽毛的细菌,经鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(命名为NJ-02),羽毛15 d降解速率为鹅毛>鸭毛>鸡毛>鸽毛;通过将羽毛预处理,使用NJ-02进行羽毛降解,发现8~10 d均能将多种家禽羽毛完全降解。研究结果表明,利用本产品能够普遍降解多种家禽羽毛,可弥补目前仅有降解鸡毛的微生物产品的不足,从而解决我国家禽业羽毛废弃物处理的关键问题,促进家禽生态养殖可持续发展。

It is difficult for the poultry industry to recycle more than 800,000 tons of feather waste from chicken, duck, geese and pigeon every year. This study was to screen for s strain that were highly adaptable for a wide range of degradable feathers and have a high decomposition rate. Biochemical identification and gene detection techniques were used to screen and identify Bacillus cereus. Morphological observation of feather degradation and quantitative determination of feather degradation proteins were performed by fermentation culture techniques. The results showed that a strain of bacteria capable of degrading poultry feathers of chickens, ducks, geese, and pigeons was screened and identified as Bacillus cereus(named NJ-02). Its 15 days degradation rates of the feathers were in the order of goose >duck feather >chicken feather >pigeon hair. Pretreatment of the feathers using NJ-02 proved that all the four types of poultry feathers could be completely degraded in 8-10 days. In conclusion, use of NJ-02 effectively degraded various poultry feathers, which helped solve the problem of degrading only chicken feather in a microbial manner and benefit the sustainable development of ecological poultry farming in China.