文化的哲学反思:本质、形态及雅俗

Philosophical Reflection on Culture: Essence, Forms and Elegance and Popularity

文化的本质关乎人的自由,它与自然、野蛮、质朴相对应,体现着人的解放和自由。文化的创造就是人类的自我解放活动,就是人的自由之路。根据马克思人的发展的三形态理论,我们可以把文化发展的过程概括为三形态,即“神道主义文化”“物道主义文化”“人道主义文化”。“神道主义文化”追求对神祇的歌颂、赞美,用来表达人对神的服膺和崇拜。“物道主义文化”表征了人对物的渴望与占有,彰显着人的感性欲望。“人道主义文化”则直接从人自身出发,高扬人的精神,追求人的自由个性发展。文化还有雅俗之分。雅文化一般指文化发展形式较高、较为发达的文化,是成熟的、完备的文化;而俗文化则是不够成熟和不够完备的文化。

The essence of culture is related to human freedom,which corresponds to nature,barbarism and simplicity,and reflects human liberation and freedom.According to Marx's theory of three forms of human development,we can generalize the process of cultural development into three forms:theological culture,material desire culture and humanitarian culture.Culture can also be divided into elegant culture and popular culture.The former generally refers to a culture with a higher form of development and a more mature culture,while the latter is an immature and incomplete culture.