炼化企业硫化氢隐患排查与防护设计若干问题探析

Analysis of several problems of hidden dangers and protection design of hydrogen sulfide in refining and chemical enterprises

硫化氢具有易燃和高度毒性"双重"危险特性,在石油炼制过程中涉及高浓度酸性气或酸性水等介质,由于腐蚀环境复杂、泄漏危害性大,在役工艺装置或系统单元的设备、管道材质与现行标准不一致成为风险排查和隐患治理的重点工作。通过优化设计实现工艺过程的自动化、机械化和密闭化,设置安全仪表系统(SIS)提高工艺装置或系统单元的安全可靠性,设置硫化氢检测报警系统提高预警能力。加强设计过程硫化氢风险评估与管控,提出泄漏预防措施和防腐要求。建议硫化氢检测报警配备独立的SIS系统,紧急切断阀的阀门泄漏等级应至少达到FCI 70-2等级V(Class V)标准的要求。通过不断总结硫化氢腐蚀和泄漏案例的经验教训,优化工艺参数并加强工艺防腐,优化设备、管线、阀门、法兰和垫片等材质。泄漏检测与修复技术(LDAR)是逸散泄漏的最佳管理方法。建议全面推广应用新一代的"炼油厂腐蚀保运技术",加快建立和完善企业级的腐蚀管理与监控平台。

Hydrogen sulfide has dual dangerous characteristics of flammability and high toxicity. It involves medium such as high concentration acid gas or acid water in petroleum refining process. Because of complex corrosion environment and high leakage hazard, the inconsistency of equipment and pipeline materials of in-service process units or system units with current standards becomes a key work of risk investigation and hidden danger treatment. Automation, mechanization and sealing of process can be realized by optimum design, the safety and reliability of process equipment or system unit can be improved by setting up safety instrumentation system(SIS), and the early warning ability can be improved by setting up the hydrogen sulfide detection and alarm system. Strengthen the risk assessment and control of hydrogen sulfide in design process, and put forward leakage prevention measures and anticorrosion requirements. It is suggested that the hydrogen sulfide detection and alarm system should be equipped with an independent SIS system, and the valve leakage grade of emergency shutoff valve should at least meet the requirements of FCI 70-2 V(Class V) standard. Through summarizing the experiences and lessons of hydrogen sulfide corrosion cases, optimizing process parameters and strengthening process anti-corrosion, optimizing material quality of equipment, pipelines, valves, flanges and gaskets. Leak detection and repair technology(LDAR) is the best management method for escape leakage. It is suggested that a new generation of "refinery corrosion protection technology" should be fully applied to accelerate the establishment and improvement of enterprise-level corrosion management and monitoring platform.