在科学性与实践性之间——论法理学的学科定位与性质

Between the Scientific Nature and Practicality:On the Disciplinary Orientation and Nature of Legal Theory

法理学的学科自主性面临着科学性不足、缺乏实践性和相对于部门法的冗余性等批评,那种传统的法理学指导部门法教义学和法律实践的模式正面临危机。拯救法理学的学术尝试也随之展开。其中,"无用之用说"坚持法学的纯粹科学性,放弃法理学的实践性;"实践参与模式"采取二元论,将法理学分为规范理论与后设理论两个部分,各自兼顾法理学的实践性与科学性,但却仍无法论证后设理论的实践性与规范理论的科学性。将法理学看作是科学系统与法律系统之结构耦合的理论,能够更好地说明法理学的科学性与实践性这两个面向及其相互关系。法理学是法律系统内部分化出来与裁判系统、法教义学系统并列的子系统,其任务是在法律系统内部对法律系统的整体进行自我描述和自我反思,从而在法律系统与社会的共同演化过程中引导二者关系的调整,促进法律系统随社会发展而发展与演化。

Recently legal theory researches are under critiques as lack of scientific nature,lack of practicality and being of redundant compared to legal Dogmatic. People don’t believe that legal theory can guide the development of legal dogmatic and the practice of law. Some theory is developed to save the legal theory. The theory of"use of uselessness"adheres to the scientific nature of legal theory and props up the practicality of legal theory. Practice participation mode divides legal theory into two parts,one is normative theory,the other is meta-legal theory;the former adheres to practicality of legal theory,and the latter adheres the scientific nature of legal theory. But it can’t defend the practicality of meta-legal theory and the scientific nature of normative theory. A new theory views legal theory as structural couple between science system and legal system,which can explain the relation between scientific nature and practicality of legal theory. Legal theory is inside legal system as a subsystem of it,anatagous to the case system and legal dogmatic system. The task of legal theory is to work as self-describing and self-reflection of legal system,so to guide the legal system development in the course of co-evolution of legal system and society.