论司法过程中的案件事实论证

On the Argument of Case Facts in Judicial Process

案件事实既是对事实存在的描述,也是对事实存在的评价。司法过程中的事实认定可以在理论上被区分为事实发现与事实论证。事实发现的过程是推论性和判断性的,它帮助法官初步获得事实认定结果;而事实论证的脉络则是回溯性的,它要求法官用一种审视的眼光回看事实发现的过程,对所认定的证据事实与裁判事实进行检验并形成内心确信。就案件事实论证的正当性而言,案件事实认定理由应达到真实性、决疑性、叙事融贯性、说服有效性、经济性等标准。案件事实论证可借助于多种论证模式,其整体论证模式具有可废止性。借助于有效论证,司法裁判可以最大限度地接近客观真实,实现对事实之"真"的追求。

The case facts are not only the description of the existence of facts,but also the evaluation of the existence of facts. The fact-affirming in judicial process can be theoretically divided into fact-finding and fact-argument. The process of fact-finding is deductive and judgmental,which helps the judge to get the result of fact-affirming. The context of fact-argument is retrospective,during which the judge should form inner confidence with careful review of the process of finding facts and inspection of either the facts upon evidence or adjudicative facts. As to the justification of case facts,the fact-affirming is based on the real reasons. The argument of case facts should be undoubted,economical,narrative coherence and be effectively justified.There are different kinds of model in the arguments of case fact which is defeasible. With effective argumentation,the adjudicative facts can be as close to the objective authenticity and the Truth as possible.