亲本体色及环境因子对长绿飞虱成虫体色、寿命与繁殖的影响

Effects of parental body color and environmental factors on the body color, longevity and reproduction of Saccharosydne procerus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) adults

【目的】明确亲本体色和环境因素对长绿飞虱Saccharosydne procerus F1代成虫体色的影响及不同体色成虫个体在不同环境中产卵量、交配率、成虫寿命的变化。【方法】长绿飞虱不同体色(黑化与非黑化)亲本所产若虫在室内经不同温度(30℃和22℃)和光周期(20L∶4D和16L∶8D)组合处理,观察成虫黑化率;将不同体色的成虫同样经历这些温度和光周期组合处理,记录成虫寿命、产卵量和交配率变化,分析不同因素对其的贡献率。【结果】长绿飞虱不同体色亲本所产若虫在实验室内经过上述温度和光周期组合处理后,成虫黑化率变化范围为18.6%~60.8%。若虫期高温、长光照以及黑化亲本均显著增加子代中黑化个体的比例。低温短光照条件下非黑化个体寿命显著长于黑化个体,高温长光照则相反;黑化个体交配率与产卵量随着温度和光照时间的下降而下降,非黑化个体的交配率与产卵量则主要受到光周期影响。统计分析表明,在几种因子中,温度对长绿飞虱的交配率变化贡献率最高,为39.1%;光周期对长绿飞虱体色及产卵量变化贡献率最高,分别达到42.5%和47.4%。体色与温度交互作用对长绿飞虱雌、雄成虫寿命的贡献率最高,分别可达50.3%和60.6%。【结论】本研究表明,若虫期光周期对长绿飞虱成虫体色变化影响最显著,且该虫体色变化在一定程度上改变了其成虫生物学特性,提高了该虫对环境的适应性。

【Aim】 This study aims to investigate the effects of parental body color and environmental factors on the body color of F1 generation adults and the changes of the fecundity, mating rate and longevity of Saccharosydne procerus adults with different body colors in different environments. 【Methods】 The nymphs from S. procerus parents with different body colors (melanic and non-malanic) were subjected to treatments of different ambient temperature (30℃ and 22℃) and photoperiod (20L∶4D and 16L∶8D) combinations in the laboratory, and the melanism rate of adults was observed. The adults with different body colors were also subjected to treatments of these same temperature and photoperiod combinations, the changes in the body color, longevity, fecundity and mating rate of adults were recorded, and the contribution rates of different factors on these indicators were analyzed. 【Results】 The results showed that the variation range of melanism rate of S. procerus adults was 18.6%-60.8% when the nymphs from the parents with different body colors were subjected to treatments of the above temperature and photoperiod combinations in the laboratory. High temperature, long photophase in the nymphal stage and melanic parents significantly increased the proportion of melanic individuals in the offspring. The longevity of non-melanic individuals was significantly longer than that of melanic individuals under low temperature or short photophase conditions in the adult stage, while it was opposite under high temperature and long photophase conditions. The mating rate and fecundity of melanic individuals decreased with the decrease of temperature and photophase, while the mating rate and fecundity of non-melanogenic individuals were mainly affected by photoperiod. The statistical analysis showed that temperature had the highest contribution rate to the mating rate of S. procerus (39.1%), photoperiod had the highest contribution rate to the change of body color and fecundity of S. procerus (42.5% and 47.4%, respectively), and the interaction between body color and temperature had the highest contribution rate to the longevity of male and female adults (50.3% and 60.6%, respectively). 【Conclusion】 This study demonstrates that photoperiod in the nymphal stage has the most significant influence on the body color of S. procerus adults, changing their biological characteristics in certain extent and improving their adaptability to the environment.