北京市企事业单位人员饮食行为因素与患冠心病风险的研究

Study on the relationship between dietary behaviors and coronary heart disease among institutional population in Beijing

目的调查北京市企事业单位人员饮食行为特征和冠心病患病情况,探索饮食行为对冠心病患病风险的影响。方法对2014-2015年参加体检的企事业单位人员13235人进行调查,通过问卷收集饮食习惯、饮食口味、进食速度、粗细粮搭配、食用早餐情况5种饮食行为及冠心病患病情况。通过倾向性评分匹配冠心病患病组与对照组,应用Logistic回归分析5种饮食行为对冠心病患病的影响。结果调查人群中,冠心病检出人数332例,患病率约为2.4%。男性患病率(3.7%)高于女性(1.3%),并且随着年龄增加患病率呈明显上升趋势。通过倾向性评分1:1匹配病例组和对照组,校正年龄、性别、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、压力、睡眠、锻炼、冠心病家族史等因素的影响后,多因素Logistic分析结果显示,早餐不规律(OR=2.424,95%CI:1.605~3.662)与冠心病的发生呈正相关;饮食以甜食为主(OR=0.395,95%CI:0.201~0.777)与冠心病的发生呈负相关。结论北京市企事业单位人员中早餐不规律可能是冠心病的饮食行为危险因素,口味偏甜可能是冠心病的保护因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of coronary heart disease(CHD)and dietary behaviors among institutional population in Beijing and explore the association between CHD and dietary behaviors.Methods A total of 13235 subjects who had took regular physical examination were involved in the project from 2014 to 2015.Questionnaires were used to collect dietary information involving eating habit,eating taste,eating speed,eating coarse grain,breakfast frequency and CHD prevalence.Using propensity score matching(PSM)for matching control group with case group and multivariate unconditional logistic regression was utilized to explore the association between dietary behaviors and CHD.Results The number of CHD patients was 332 and the incidence rate of CHD was approximately 2.4%while it was higher in men(3.7%)compared with women(1.3%),and the rate increased with age.The effects of age,sex,education,smoke,drinking,pressure,sleeping time,exercise,family history were adjusted by 1:1 PSM and the logistic regression model showed irregular breakfast was positively associated with CHD(OR=2.424,95%CI:1.605-3.662)and preference for sweet food was negatively correlated with CHD(OR=0.395,95%CI:0.201-0.777).Conclusion In the institutional population of Beijing,irregular breakfast possibly acts as a risk factor and sweet food might serve as a protective factor for CHD.