论“公民投票案”对台湾地区公权力机构的约束力

On the Binding Force of the “Referendum Bill” on the Public Authority in Taiwan

对台湾地区"公民投票"问题的研究应从"公投前"问题延伸到"公投后"问题,从"公民投票法"本身拓宽到构成"公民投票"制度的台湾地区宪制性制度。台湾地区"公民投票法"规定了不同类型的"公民投票",对应着不同类型的"公民投票案"。"公民投票案"虽不属于台湾地区"形式意义上的法",但"公民投票法"的规定赋予其约束力。尽管台湾地区学理上肯定"公民投票"结果的约束力,"公民投票法"具体规定保障已通过"公民投票案"的落实,但受到"公民投票法"限制性规定、司法监督制度以及公权力机构责任机制不足等因素影响,"公民投票案"的实效有限。台湾地区各公权力机构在落实"公民投票案"过程中存在裁量空间,具有能动性。重复提案限制规则和"一案一事项"原则限缩"公民投票案"的约束力,也给未通过投票的"公民投票案"的再次提出以空间。

The study of "referendum" in Taiwan should extend from "pre-referendum" to "post-referendum", from "Referendum Law" itself to the Taiwan’s constitutional system that constitutes the "referendum" system. Taiwan’s "Referendum Law" stipulates different types of ‘referendum’, which corresponds to different types of ‘referendum bills’. Though the "Referendum Bill" does not belong to the "formal law" in Taiwan, its provisions give it a binding force. Despite the theoretical affirmation of the referendum’s binding force, the specific provisions of the "Referendum Law" have guaranteed the implementation of the "Referendum Bill", but are affected by various factors, including the restrictive provisions of the "Referendum Law", judicial supervision system and the inadequate responsibility mechanism of the public authorities. Therefore, the effectiveness of the "Referendum Bill" is limited. However, all the public authorities still have discretion space and initiative in the process of implementing the "Referendum Bill". The rules of restriction on duplicate proposals and the principle of "one case, one matter" limit its binding force and also give room for the re-proposal that has not passed the vote.