中国大蒜产业国际竞争力测算及影响因素分析

Measurement of the International Competitiveness of China’s Garlic Industry and Its Influencing Factors

中国是世界大蒜生产大国、消费大国和出口大国,大蒜种植面积、产量常年位居世界第一。从国际市场来看,2017年中国大蒜出口占世界大蒜出口贸易量的80%左右,出口市场遍及日本、韩国、东南亚及北美、欧盟等国家和地区;从国内市场来看,2017年大蒜在中国鲜冷冻蔬菜和干蔬菜中的出口量及出口额均居第一位。在国际市场竞争日益激烈和农产品贸易自由化的背景下,应对国际市场竞争最行之有效的方法就是加快和鼓励出口本国具有相对竞争优势的产品。采用国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数、显示性比较优势指数和出口产品价格对中国大蒜出口的国际竞争力进行测算,同时采用贸易引力模型对影响其国际竞争力的因素进行研究。结果表明,中国大蒜国际竞争力较强,与中国大蒜生产大国的地位相符,大蒜出口受到出口对象国人口数量、中国国内生产总值和与贸易国间的距离的显著影响。最后,有针对性地提出了提升中国大蒜国际竞争力的建议。

China is a large country of garlic production,consumption and export,with a first rank on garlic planting area and production in the world.In 2017,from the perspective of the international market,China's garlic exports accounted for about 80%of the world's garlic export trade volume,and export markets covered Japan,South Korea,Southeast Asia,North America,the European Union and other countries and regions;from the perspective of domestic market,the exports volume and value of garlic ranked first in China's fresh frozen vegetables and dried vegetables exports.Under the background of increasingly fierce competition in the international market and liberalization of trade in agricultural products,the most effective way to deal with international market competition is to accelerate and encourage exports of products with relative competitive advantages.The international competitiveness of garlic exports in China was measured by using international market share,trade competitiveness index,revealed comparative advantage index and export product price.Meanwhile,using the trade gravity model,factors which influenced the international competitiveness of garlic exports were analyzed.The results showed that international competitiveness of China's garlic was strong,and this corresponded to the status of China's garlic producing power.Garlic exports were significantly affected by the number of exporters,the gross domestic product and distance from the trade partner.Finally,some targeted recommendations to enhance the garlic international competitiveness of China were put forward.