老年睡眠障碍患者阻碍因素与策略的质性研究

Qualitative study on obstructive factors in elderly patients with sleep disorders and its coping strategies

目的深入了解影响老年睡眠障碍患者的主观体验,为制订有针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法采用目的性抽样法选取2018年12月至2019年5月贵州省某三级甲等中医医院心身门诊14例老年睡眠障碍患者为研究对象,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对睡眠状况进行测评分析,最后运用现象学资料分析法对其进行半结构式访谈,现场录音,借助Nvivo 8.0统计软件,根据Colaizzi的7步分析法对资料进行分析、反思、分类、归纳、提炼主题。结果提炼出老年睡眠障碍患者的阻碍因素可归纳为生理、心理、社会环境3个方面,其中主题表现为:气血不足、情绪郁闷、器官受损、孤独感、焦虑感、知识缺乏、社会环境共7个子主题。结论深入了解老年睡眠障碍患者的阻碍因素,为患者提供一些关于生理、心理、环境所引起睡眠障碍的应对策略,帮助老年睡眠障碍患者提高其睡眠质量。

Objective To gain an in-depth understanding of the subjective experience of obstructive factors in elderly patients with sleep disorders and to provide a reference for targeted intervention measures.Methods From December 2018 to May 2019,14 elderly patients with sleep disorders treated in the psychosomatic clinic of a third-grade Chinese medicine hospital in Guizhou were selected as the research subjects by the purpose sampling method.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)was used to evaluate and analyze their sleep conditions.Finally,the phenomenological data analysis method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews,live recording,Nvivo 8.0 statistical software was used and Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method was adopted to analyze,reflect,classify,summarize and refine the data.Results It showed that the obstructive factors of elderly patients with sleep disorders can be summarized into three aspects,physical factors,psychological factors and social environment,with the main themes being categorized into 7 sub-themes,which are lack of blood and Qi,depression,organ damage,loneliness,anxiety,lack of knowledge and social environment.Conclusion The paper makes clear the obstructive factors in elderly patients with sleep disorders,provide some strategies for patients with sleep disorders caused by physical,psychological and environmental problems,and help patients with sleep disorders improve their sleep quality.