儿童分泌性中耳炎的诊疗进展

儿童分泌性中耳炎(OME)是导致低龄儿童听力障碍的常见原因。数据统计显示,OME主要发生于4~6岁的学龄前儿童,两岁儿童中60%曾有OME病史,而学龄前儿童中罹患OME的比例则高达90%左右。部分患儿治疗不及时可能导致听力障碍、语言发育不良,影响儿童听力和心理的正常发育。听力筛查、耳内镜检查是临床常用的OME诊断方法,鼓室压图-声阻抗检查能通过评估咽鼓管功能和活动度进行诊断OME,诊断的灵敏度较高。目前临床对于儿童OME治疗的方法主要包括药物治疗,外科手术治疗方式以及微波治疗、He-Ne激光等物理治疗方式。本次研究对儿童分泌性中耳炎的发病机制、临床表现、诊断方法以及临床治疗等相关研究进展进行了系统性的综述。

Secretory otitis media(OME)is a common cause of hearing impairment in young children.Statistics show that OME mainly occurs in preschoolers aging 4 to 6 years old.60%of two-year-olds have a medical history of OME,and the incidence of OME in preschoolers is as high as 90%.Due to delayed treatment,OME may lead to hearing impairment and language dysplasia,affecting the normal development of children's hearing and psychology.Hearing screening and ear endoscopy are commonly used in clinical diagnosis of OME.Tympanogram and acoustic impedance examination can be used to diagnose OME by evaluating the function and activity of the eustachian tube,with relatively high diagnostic sensitivity.At present,the clinical treatment methods for children with OME mainly include drug therapy,surgical treatment,microwave treatment,He-Ne laser and other physical treatment methods.In this study,the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostic methods and clinical treatment of secretory otitis media in children were systematically reviewed.