财政分权及财政压力冲击下的地方政府收支行为

Fiscal decentralization,fiscal squeeze and local government revenue and expenditure restructuring

该文利用2002年中国所得税收入分享改革这一政策变化来考察财政分权及其带来的财政压力如何影响地方政府财政收支行为,测算外生所得税分享政策造成的地市级政府的收入损失,使用双重差分法分析财政压力下地市级政府财政收支结构的变化。研究发现:财政压力增大时,地市级政府可以通过多种收入政策工具的调整来勉强维持本级财力及一般公共预算支出的增长;收入支出的结构会发生变化,收入损失越大,地市级政府非所得税税收收入的征税力度及基金收入征税力度提高越多;同时,财政支出上倾向增加基建支出。

This study investigates how local governments restructure their revenue and expenditure in response to fiscal stress resulting from changes in fiscal decentralization.The exogenous policy shock of income tax sharing in 2002 is analyzed using the difference-indifference method to solve the endogeneity problem.The results show that prefectural governments faced with increasing fiscal stresses tend to maintain their revenue and expenditure levels by various revenue tools but they change their expenditure structures.Prefectural governments with larger income losses increase their reliance on non-income taxes and government funds and prefer to increase their infrastructure expenditures.