高温陶瓷纤维/高温陶瓷基复合材料研究进展

The Research Progress of High Temperature Ceramic Fiber/High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites

耐高温陶瓷纤维增强高温陶瓷被认为是改善高温陶瓷材料断裂韧性低(脆性大)、高温强度低、抗热震性能差等突出问题的有效途径。利用高温陶瓷纤维复合高温陶瓷所获得的复合材料在极端环境中能够保持稳定的物理和化学性质,是高超声速飞行器和大气层再入飞行器鼻锥及前缘等部件最有前途的候选热防护材料。本文主要对近年来高温陶瓷纤维、高温陶瓷基体及其复合材料的材料体系、制备工艺、性能特点及应用前景等研究成果进行了归纳、总结,分析了高温陶瓷复合材料的优缺点,提出了存在的主要问题,并探讨了今后的主要研究目标和重点发展方向。

The use of heat-resistant ceramic fibers reinforced high-temperature ceramics is considered to be an effective way to solve the outstanding problems, such as high brittleness and low fracture toughness of high-temperature ceramics. The obtained composite materials are capable of maintaining stable physical and chemical properties in extreme environments and are the most promising candidate thermal protection materials for components such as the nose cones and leading edges of hypersonic aircrafts and atmospheric re-entry aircrafts. This paper summarizes the latest research achievements of the main preparation processes of high-temperature ceramic fiber, high-temperature ceramic matrix and its composite materials in recent years, analyses the advantages and disadvantages of high-temperature ceramic composite materials,puts forward the main problems, and also discusses the main research goals and key development directions in the future.