丘陵山地马铃薯中耕施肥机设计与试验研究

Design and research of potato mid-tillage fertilizer applicator in hilly area

目前,绝大多数马铃薯机械多以大型为主,中耕施肥机械成本高,维修保养难,作业效率高等。丘陵山地的耕地地块较小,大型中耕施肥机行走、调头、转运不方便,因此不能适应小地块的马铃薯中耕作业。通过经验总结法深入了解马铃薯种植要求、特别是中耕培土和施肥有关情况,利用模型法建立中耕施肥机三维模型,并对其进行模态分析和试验研究。试验结果表明该中耕施肥机高速工作时垄性饱满度平均值在75.6%,耕深稳定性为78.0%,低速工作时垄性饱满度平均值在85.1%,比高速作业情况高9.5%,耕深稳定性为84.4%,比高速作业情况高6.4%,但均满足作业实际要求。且该机器设计结构紧凑,刀片在工作时未发生共振现象,刀片设计合理;整机适用于云南黏重土壤特性,能一次完成中耕过程中所需松土、施肥、培土及筑垄功能农艺作业需求。

At present, the vast majority of potato machinery is mainly large-scale, medium-tillage and fertilization machinery has high cost, difficult maintenance and high operational efficiency. In hilly and mountainous areas, the cultivated land is small, and the large-scale medium-tillage fertilizer applicator is inconvenient in walking, turning and transporting, so it cannot adapt to the potato medium-tillage operation in small plots. Based on the experience summary method, the requirements of potato cultivation, especially the situation of cultivation and fertilization in middle tillage, a three-dimensional model of fertilizer applicator in middle tillage was established, and its modal analysis and experimental study were carried out. The results show that the average ridge fullness is 75.6% at high speed, the stability of tillage depth is 78.0%, the average ridge fullness is 85.1% at low speed, 9.5% higher than that at high speed, 84.4% higher than that at high speed, 6.4% higher than that at high speed, but all meet the practical requirements. The machine has compact structure, no resonance phenomenon and reasonable blade design. The machine is suitable for the characteristics of sticky and heavy soil in Yunnan Province, and can fulfill the needs of soil loosening, fertilization, soil cultivation and ridging in the middle tillage process at one time.