电力变压器振动与噪声及其控制措施研究现状与展望

Review on Vibration and Noise of Power Transformer and Its Control Measures

随着电网系统的快速发展,大容量、高电压电力变压器不断增多,其振动与噪声对设备自身及周边居民的健康造成的影响日益凸显,因此变压器振动与噪声及其控制受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。文中从变压器振动噪声机理、特性、影响因素以及控制措施等方面对国内外研究进展进行综述。分析了硅钢片的磁致伸缩特性及Maxwell应力特性,得出铁心振动噪声的主要来源及数学模型;根据绕组磁场分布及受力分布,分析了绕组轴向及幅向振动特性及数学模型;总结了冷却设备等部件的振动特性。从振动产生、传递到噪声辐射等过程分析了变压器传播特性。从激励-模态-振动-噪声入手,在源、传递路径两方面对减振降噪措施进行了总结。对未来研究重心进行了展望,包括:绕组振动数学模型的完善;铁心和绕组振动的相互影响;仿真研究的完善;基于调整模态特性的变压器减振降噪措施研究;测量手段的多样化。

With the rapid development of power grid systems,large-capacity,high-voltage power transformers continue to increase. The vibration and noise have an increasingly prominent impact on the health of the equipment itself and the surrounding residents. Therefore,transformer vibration and noise and its control have received extensive attention. This paper reviews the research on mechanism and characteristics of transformer vibration and noise,influencing factors and control measures. The magnetostrictive properties and Maxwell force characteristics of silicon steel sheets are analyzed.The main sources and mathematical models of core vibration are obtained. The axial and radial vibration characteristics and mathematical models of windings are analyzed according to the magnetic field distribution and force distribution of windings.The vibration characteristics of the cooling equipment and other components are summarized.The vibration and noise transmission characteristics of the transformer are analyzed from the process of vibration generation and transmission to noise radiation. Based on the excitation-model-vibration-noise,the vibration and noise reduction measures are summarized in both the source and the transmission path. The future research focus is prospected,including the improvement of the mathematical model of winding vibration;the mutual coupling effect of core and winding vibration;the improvement of simulation research;the research on vibration and noise reduction of transformer based on adjusting modal characteristics;the diversification of measurement methods.