敬道心筌:王阳明教化哲学的“学—教”洞见

The Insights About Teaching and Learning of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of Education

王阳明教化哲学是“敬”的成人之教。“敬”是学的起点,具体而言,则可谓之立志,凡是立志求学的人都希望有一切己的为学起点,即入手处;“敬”基于事,无事则无敬,阳明学所揭橥的“事上磨炼”即本于“必有事焉”,并以之为为学的起点;“敬”首先是一种对于先圣先贤的亲近,儒者注重经典的传承和诠释,正是在尊经重道的传统中,尊德性和道问学成为理学家的共同话语;教育的目的则是“修己以敬”,即以德行和文化作为教育的鹄的,提升教者和学者的生活能力,改良其人格品性,改善其生活的品质,并以此促进社会的和谐与发展。

Wang Yangming’s philosophy of education is the“respect”in human cultivation.“Respect”is the starting point of learning.Specifically,it can be described as a determination.Anyone who is determined to study will hope to have all the starting points for learning,that is,to get started.“Respect”is based on experience.“Steeling oneself by experience”proposed by Wang Yangming is based on the fact that“experience is ubiquitous in the world”and is the starting point for learning.“Respect”is first of all a kind of closeness to the sages,and the Confucians pay attention to the inheritance and interpretation of the classics.It is in the tradition of respecting the classics that respecting morality and Taoism has become the common discourse of the philosophers.The purpose of education is to“cultivate oneself and respect”,that is,to use morality and culture as the shackles of education,to enhance the life ability of teachers and learners to improve their personality and characters and the quality of their lives,and thus to promote social harmony and development.