嘉纳治五郎与柔道“身体”创造的研究

Research on Kano Jigoro and Judo “body” creation

从传统文化创造与身体技术论的角度,对现代柔道创始人嘉纳治五郎的言说、文献及相关传统哲学文化思想进行分析,阐明作为民族传统体育的柔道是如何发展成世界体育项目的。研究认为:柔道之所以能成为既现代又有传统色彩的体育运动形式,一方面是在理论思想上继承与发展以儒教、佛教、道教为基础的传统柔术文化,另一方面则是运用西方科学原理创造性地重新解释柔术中"本体、心法"等身体运动状态构成。柔道就是一种日本人的固有文化在与外来文化冲击中通过对抗、摩擦以及融合创造出的新"身体"文化。通过以柔道为例,重新审视由民族文化转变成世界文化的现象,以期为类似的民族传统体育运动的科学化与世界化提供参考。

From the perspective of traditional culture creation and body technology theories, the author analyzed modern Judo founder Kano Jigoro’s speeches and literature as well as related traditional philosophical cultural ideologies, and expounded how Judo as a traditional national sport was developed into a world sports event. The author drew the following conclusions: the reasons why Judo can become a sports form with both modern and traditional colors are, on the one hand, that theoretically and ideologically it inherited and developed traditional Judo culture that bases on Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism as the foundation, and on the other hand, that it creatively re-explained the body movement state composition of "noumenon" and "inner strength" in Judo by applying western scientific principles;Judo can be considered as a sort of new "body" culture created via competition, friction and fusion in the impacting between Japanese intrinsic culture and foreign culture. By taking Judo for example, the author reexamined the phenomenon of national culture turning into world culture, hoping to provide reference for the scientization and globalization of similar traditional national sports.