京津冀基本公共服务均等化的特征分异和趋势

The Feature Differentiation and Trend of Basic Public Services Equalization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

基本公共服务差距大是京津冀协同发展的重要制约因素。基于公共服务均等化的长期演化特性,以2004-2017年数据为基础,从教育文化、医疗卫生、基础设施、生态环境和社会保障五个维度出发,采用泰尔指数测度北京、天津、河北三省市及其相互间基本公共服务均等化水平及其变化特征。研究发现:京津冀三地基本公共服务非均等化程度较高,2015年之后发展趋势良好。从两两差距尺度观察,京津冀基本公共服务差距主要体现在京冀和津冀之间,且各维度差距大小排列不同。为推进京津冀基本公共服务均等化,应加大京津优质资源向河北转移的力度;提升河北基本公共服务水平,明确"重点地区,优先打造"的发展思路;扩大对河北财政转移支付的力度,加强京津冀之间财政协同合作;建立健全京津冀公共服务多元化供给支持体系。

Large gap in basic public services is an important constraint to the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Based on the long-term evolution characteristic of public services equalization,by using the data from 2004 to 2017 and from five dimensions of education and culture,medical and health care,infrastructure,ecological environment and social security, Theil index was used to measure the equalization level of basic public services in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as well as their changing characteristics. The study found that: the three places in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei have a high degree of non-equalization of basic public services and a good development trend after 2015. Viewed from the gap between two scales,the gap between Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei basic public services is mainly reflected in the gap between Beijing-Hebei and Tianjin-Hebei and the dimensions of the gap size arrangement is different. To promote the equalization of basic public services in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,should transfer more high-quality resources from Beijing and Tianjin to Hebei;improve the basic public service level of Hebei,clear "key areas,priority to build" development ideas;expand fiscal transfer payments to Hebei and strengthen fiscal coordination and cooperation between Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei;establish and improve a system of diversified supply and support for public services in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.