宁夏回、汉族中小学生贫血及相关因素的关联分析

Analysis of the current status and related factors for anemia among students in Ningxia Hui and Han Nationality

目的探索宁夏中小学生贫血患病的民族差异及其影响因素,为改善宁夏学生贫血的干预政策、措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样,选择宁夏回、汉族7、9、12、14岁四个年龄段3747名学生作为研究对象进行贫血及其相关因素的研究。结果宁夏中小学生总体贫血患病率为8.1%,回族学生贫血患病率为8.7%(140/1615),略高于汉族学生的7.7%(165/2132),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=1.06,P=0.01)。回族学生轻度贫血检出率为7.2%,中重度贫血检出率为1.4%,汉族学生分别为6.4%、1.3%。在低年龄组中,回、汉族学生的贫血患病率较高。Logistic回归分析发现,汉族学生中,年龄(9岁OR=0.53,95%CI:0.33~0.85,P<0.05;12岁OR=0.51,95%CI:0.32~0.82,P<0.05)、营养不良(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.45~0.87,P<0.05)与贫血患病有关;回族学生中,性别(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.15~2.36,P<0.05)、年龄(9岁OR=0.35,95%CI:0.21~0.58,P<0.05;12岁OR=0.54,95%CI:0.32~0.92,P<0.05)与贫血患病有关。交互作用分析发现,民族与女生、乡村、12岁、14岁学生之间存在交互作用(P<0.05)。结论针对回、汉族的不同民族差异制定贫血防治措施,建议增加回族学生饮食中含铁食物的摄入,关注贫血间的性别、城乡差异,进而提高宁夏回、汉族学生的健康状况。

Objective To explore the ethnic differences and influencing factors of anemia in primary and middle school students in Ningxia,in order to provide a straightforward basis for improving the intervention policies and measures for anemia in Ningxia students.Method A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3747 students from the four age groups(7,9,12 and 14 years old)of Ningxia Hui and Han nationality as participants.Results The prevalence of total anemia among primary and middle school students in Ningxia was 8.1%.And the prevalence of anemia among Hui was 8.7%(140/1615),slightly higher than that of Han(7.7%,165/2132)(χ^2=1.06,P=0.01).The detection rates of mild and moderate/severe anemia among Hui students were 7.2%and 1.4%,respectively,while 6.4%and 1.3%in Han students.The prevalence of anemia was higher in Han students at younger age group.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age(9 years old OR=0.53,95%CI:0.33-0.85;12 years old OR=0.51,95%CI:0.32-0.82),malnutrition(OR=0.63,95%CI=0.45-0.87)were related to anemia in Han students.While gender(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.15-2.36)and age(9 years old OR=0.35,95%CI:0.21-0.58;12 years old OR=0.54,95%CI:0.32-0.92)were correlated with anemia in Hui students(P<0.05).Interaction analysis found that there were interaction effects between ethnicity and gender,areas,as well as age(P<0.05).Conclusions To formulate measures for prevention and treatment of anemia according to different ethnic differences between Hui and Han,it is recommended to increase the iron-rich foods intake in the diet of Hui students.Moreover,more attention should be paid to gender and urban-rural differences on anemia,so as to improve the health status of Ningxia Hui and Han students.