天津市津南区3～6岁学龄前儿童生长发育Z评分及营养状况评价

Evaluation of Z-score of growth and development as well as nutritional status of preschool children aged 3 to 6 years in Jinnan district,Tianjin

目的了解天津市津南区学龄前儿童的生长发育水平及营养状况,为本地区的儿童保健和营养指导工作提供参考。方法调取2017年津南区所有国办幼儿园内3~6岁儿童的春季体检数据,采用分层随机抽样的方法,将调查对象按照年龄分为3~、4~、5~、6~7岁4组,并在各年龄组中按照性别比1∶1的比例随机选取调查对象,共得到2172名儿童的体检数据。采用世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐使用的Z评分法进行评价。结果各年龄组中,男童的身高、体重均高于同年龄段女童;男童和女童的身高别体重(WHZ)和年龄别身高(HAZ)值在各年龄组间比较差异有统计学意义(男童FWHZ=11.966,女童FWHZ=28.291,男童FHAZ=40.474,女童FHAZ=22.520,P<0.05),男童组的年龄别体重(WAZ)值在各年龄组间比较差异有统计学意义(男童FWAZ=3.258,P<0.05);男童WAZ和HAZ值高于女童,差异有统计学意义(tWAZ=6.426,tHAZ=8.913,P<0.05)。男童消瘦的发生率随着年龄的增加而下降,差异具有统计学意义(χ2趋势=22.550,P<0.05)。男女童的超重发生率均随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势,差异具有统计学意义(男童χ^2趋势=119.876,女童χ2趋势=87.316,P<0.05)。此外,男女童肥胖的发生率也随着年龄的增加而增加,差异具有统计学意义(男童χ^2趋势=22.550,女童χ^2趋势=68.397,P<0.05)。结论天津市津南区学龄前儿童超重和肥胖问题较为突出,营养不良问题也不容忽视,应引起重视。

Objective To understand the growth and nutritional status of preschool children in Jinnan district of Tianjin,in order to provide reference for children′s health nutrition guidance work in this region.Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to retrieve the physical examination data in spring of children aged 3 to 6 years in the public kindergartens in Jinnan district of Tianjin.Children were divided into four groups,including 3-,4-,5-,6-7 years old groups,and the participants were randomly selected according to 1∶1 of the sex ratio in different groups.Finally data of 2172 children were collected.Z-score method recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO)was used for evaluation.Results Among all age groups,the height and weight of boys were higher than girls from the same age group.The differences on WHZ and HAZ value among different age groups in boys and girls were statistically significant(boys FWHZ=11.966,girls FWHZ=28.291,boys FHAZ=40.474,girls FHAZ=22.520,P<0.05).The differences on WAZ values were statistically significant among all age groups for boys(FWAZ=3.258,P<0.05).The WAZ and HAZ values for boys were significantly higher than those of girls(tWAZ=6.426,tHAZ=8.913,P<0.05).The prevalence of emaciation in boys decreased with age significantly(χ^2trend=22.550,P<0.05).The prevalence of overweight among male and female girls both increased with age significantly(χ^2trend=119.876,87.316,P<0.05).In addition,the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls also increased with age(χ^2trend=22.550,68.397,P<0.05).Conclusion The problem of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Jinnan district of Tianjin is very prominent,meanwhile malnutrition cannot be ignored.