液态金属法制备ODS钢的研究进展

Research progress of ODS steels fabricated by liquid metal method

氧化物弥散强化(Oxide dispersion strengthened, ODS)钢是聚变堆包层的候选结构材料之一。目前,ODS钢的主要制备方法为粉末冶金工艺(Powder metallurgy, PM),但PM-ODS钢制备技术存在工艺复杂、经济性差,工业生产限制等缺点。因此,国内外正在开展ODS钢的可替代制备技术研究。液态金属(Liquid metal, LM)法制备ODS钢具有工艺简单、经济性好,易工业化生产等优点。现阶段,LM-ODS钢的制备技术主要包括直接铸造技术、中间合金铸造技术、声空化铸造技术、胶态氧化物铸造技术、氧载体铸造技术(包括TiO2氧载体铸造技术和Fe2O3氧载体铸造技术)和预铺粉铸造技术等。本文将首先介绍LM技术制备ODS钢的难点,然后详细介绍上述几种LM-ODS钢的制备工艺流程及特点,最后将各种LM-ODS钢技术作对比,总结出LM-ODS钢的制备现状,期望为后续ODS钢的LM制备提供指导。

Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS) steel is one of the candidate structural materials of fusion blanket. At present, the main preparation method of the ODS steel is powder metallurgy process(PM), but the preparation technology of PM-ODS steel has the disadvantages of complex process, poor economy and restriction of industrial production. Therefore, the alternative preparation technology of ODS steel is being carried out at home and abroad. The liquid metal(LM) method has the advantages of simple process, good economy, easy industrial production and the like. At present, the preparation technology of LM-ODS steel mainly includes the direct casting technology, the intermediate alloy casting technology, the acoustic cavitation casting technology, the colloidal oxide casting technology, the oxygen carrier casting technology(including the TiO2 oxygen carrier casting technology and the Fe2O3 oxygen carrier casting technology) and the pre-laying powder casting technology. In this paper, the difficulties of the preparation of ODS steel by LM technology are introduced, and the preparation process and characteristics of the above-mentioned LM-ODS steel are introduced in detail. Finally, various LM-ODS steel technologies are compared, and the preparation status of the LM-ODS steel is summarized. It is expected to provide guidance for the LM preparation of the ODS steel.