锰对意大利蜜蜂幼虫生长发育和抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of Manganese on Growth, Development and Antioxidant Capacity of Italian Bee Larvae

微量元素对动物的生长发育和生产性能具有重要作用。有资料表明,蜜蜂的生长发育、繁殖需要微量元素锰的参与,锰还具有提高蜜蜂抗氧化能力、增强免疫的作用。为了进一步探明锰对蜜蜂生长发育和生理机能的影响,本研究以意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)为研究对象,通过在蜜蜂幼虫饲粮中添加不同水平的锰,开展室内幼虫饲养试验,对蜜蜂生长发育、机体生理生化指标以及相关基因表达等进行测定和观察,力求探明锰对蜜蜂的营养作用及机制。从蜂群中移取2日龄(2d)意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫1200只,随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复48只幼虫。其中1组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;其余4组为试验组,饲喂锰添加水平分别为2.00mg/kg、3.00mg/kg、4.00mg/kg、5.00mg/kg的基础饲粮。将2d工蜂幼虫置于室内恒温恒湿培养箱中培养,温度为34℃,湿度为50%±5%,化蛹前每日更换饲料,饲养至羽化出房。分别采集3d、5d、7d幼虫样本,测定生理生化指标和相关基因表达水平;统计各组化蛹率、羽化率。经统计分析,结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,幼虫饲粮中锰添加水平为3.00mg/kg、4.00mg/kg时,锰能够提高意大利蜜蜂幼虫化蛹率和羽化出房率。(2)锰对意大利蜜蜂幼虫抗氧化酶活性影响显著,当幼虫饲粮中锰添加3.00mg/kg和4.00mg/kg时,幼虫体内的抗氧化酶显著升高(P<0.05)。(3)锰对意大利蜜蜂幼虫抗氧化酶相关基因表达量的影响显著(P<0.05)。当幼虫饲粮中锰添加4.00mg/kg时,幼虫体内的抗氧化酶基因表达量显著上升(P<0.05)。本研究表明,饲粮中的锰水平影响蜜蜂的生长发育和生理机能。意大利蜜蜂幼虫饲料中补充适量的锰时,且锰的添加水平大约在2.96mg/kg时,能够提高幼虫的抗氧化能力。

Trace elements play an important role in animal growth and production performance.Some data indicate that the growth and reproduction of bees require trace elements of manganese,and it also has the effect on improving the antioxidant capacity of the bees and enhancing immunity.In order tofurther explore the effects of manganese on the growth and physiology of bees,this survey used the Italian honeybee(Apis m ellifera L.)as the research object.By adding different levels of manganese to the bee larvae,the indoor larvae feeding experiments were carried out,the growth and development,physiological and biochemical indexes and related gene expression of the bees were measured and observed,so as tofind out the nutritional effects and mechanisms of manganese on bees.In the experiment,1200 larvae of the Italian honeybee were selected,randomly divided into 5 groups,and each group had 5 repetitions,each of which had 48 larvae.One of the group was the control group and fed the basic diet.The remaining 4 groups were experimental groups,and the basal diets w ith added manganese levels were 2.00mg/kg,3.00mg/kg,4.00mg/kg and 5.00mg/kg.The 2d worker bee larvae were housed in an indoor constant temperature and humidity incubator at a temperature of 34℃ and a hum idity of 50%±5%.The feed was changed daily before the pupation and raised to the feathering room.Larval samples were collected for 3d,5d,and 7d,and physiological and biochemical indexes and related gene expression levels were determined.The phlegm rate and emergence rate of each group were counted.According to statistical analysis,the results showed:(1)Compared with the control group,when the Mnaddition level in the larvae diet was 3.00mg/kg and 4.00mg/kg,manganese could increase the rate of bee sting and the rate of emergence.(2)Manganese had significant effects on antioxidantrelated enzyme activities in the larvae of bees.When M n added 3.00mg/kg and 4.00mg/kg in larvae diet,the antioxidant enzyme in larvae increased significantly(P<0.05).(3)Manganese had significant effects on antioxidant enzyme-related gene expression of Italian bee larvae(P<0.05).When M n was added to the larvae diet at 4.00mg/kg,the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the larvae increased significantly(P<0.05).This study shows that the level of manganese in the diet affects the growth and physiology of the bees.When the proper amount of manganese is added to the bee larvae feed,and the addition level of manganese is about 2.96mg/kg,it can improve the physiological functions of the larvae such as antioxidant capacity.