智能化高强度开采超长工作面围岩灾变预警技术

Early warning technology of surrounding rock in high-intensity mining of intelligent ultra-long working face

针对高强度开采工作面矿压显现剧烈,难以精准预测,围岩控制手段薄弱等一系列技术难题,提出基于顶板状态动态感知、片帮形态实时判识及采场多源监测信息相融合的智能化工作面围岩灾变预警策略;开发了工作面顶板状态实时监测与动态感知技术,实现了顶板来压位置、持续时间及来压强度的模式识别;研发基于大数据平台的矿压数据智能自学习技术,结合岩层柱状图可实时反演覆岩关键层断裂、结构形成及失稳等状态,实现工作面顶板大面积来压的精准预测;研发基于三维激光扫描的煤壁稳定性判识技术,可实现煤壁位移变化及节理裂隙演化进程的高精度监测,还可对煤壁失稳后片帮体的形态、位置及片帮强度实现定量化描述,突破以往工作面大面积来压和煤壁片帮无法准确预测的难题;进一步将采煤机割煤速度、支架工作阻力与瓦斯体积分数等采场多源监测信息相互融合,构建工作面回采工艺与煤壁片帮、瓦斯不均衡涌出、顶板大面积失稳垮落耦合联动的智能感知系统;该技术思路在阳煤集团寺家庄矿15106智能化超长工作面得到成功验证,保障了工作面安全。

Aiming at a series of technical problems,such as stronger mine pressure in high-strength mining face,and difficut prediction accurately,as well as poor surrounding rock control method,an intelligent working face rock disaster early warning strategy based on dynamic state perception of roof state,real-time identification of slice formation and multi-source monitoring information of stope is proposed.An intelligent warning mechanism for surrounding rock disasters in working face,real-time monitoring and dynamic sensing technology for top surface of working face was developed,and the pattern recognition of the position,duration and pressure strength of roof was also realized;mine pressure data based on big data platform was developed.Intelligent self-learning technology,combined with rock stratigraphic map can invert faults,structural formation and instability of key layers of the overlying strata in real time,and achieved accurate prediction of large-area pressure on top surface of working face;the research and development of coal wall stability based on 3D laser scanning can achieve high-precision monitoring of displacement of coal wall and the evolution process of joint fissure.It can also quantitatively describe shape,position and strength of rib after instability of coal wall,overcoming the problem that large areas of the previous working face were pressurized and coal wall spalling cannot be accurately predicted.This further integrated the factors such as coal cutting machine cutting speed,the working resistance of support and the multi-source monitoring information of the stope volume and other fields,and an intelligent sensing system was constructed,which combines the working face mining process with coal wall rib,unbalanced gas emission,and large-area instability and degeneration of the roof.The technical idea has been successfully verified in No.15106 intelligent super-long working face of the Sijiazhuang mine of Yangmei Group,which guarantees the safety of working face.