城市公交车停靠时间特征的观测试验与实证研究

Observation Experiment and Empirical Study on Parking Time Characteristics of City Buses

为了研究城市公交车的站点停靠时间特征,服务城市公交场站科学管理。采用了观测试验与实证分析方法,设计了观测对象选取原则和观测试验方案,并对武汉市洪山区内5个具有代表性的公交站点、共216辆公交车的停靠过程和1014名乘客的上下车过程进行了试验性观测,获取了公交车停靠时间、乘客上下车时间、上下车乘客数量、上下车总持续时间等观测数据。通过描述性统计分析,得到了公交车停靠和乘客上下车时间特征,进一步深入分析了上下车乘客数量、乘客上下车时间、乘客上下车总时间等因素对公交车停靠时间的影响,并通过数据拟合的方式,获得了公交车停靠时间关系因素及模型。结果表明:公交车停靠时间分布区间为4~60.2 s,平均停靠时间为12.9 s,呈对数正态分布;乘客上车时间分布区间为0.4~25.1 s,平均上车时间为2.45 s;乘客下车时间分布区间为0.3~10.4 s,平均下车时间为1.45 s;乘客上车和下车的时间均呈对数正态分布,但上车时间要明显大于下车时间。乘客上下车总时间与上下车乘客数量之间呈正相关关系,且下车总时间与下车乘客数量之间的正相关关系更显著。公交车停靠时间与乘客上、下车总时间最大值呈显著的强正相关关系,而与乘客数量、乘客下车总时间相关关系不大。

In order to study the parking time characteristics of urban buses at bus stops and serve the scientific management of urban bus stops,the principle of selecting observation objects and the scheme of observation experiment are designed by the method of observation experiment and empirical analysis.The parking process of total 216 buses and the boarding and alighting process of 1014 passengers at 5 representative bus stops in Hongshan District of Wuhan City are experimentally observed.The data of parking time of buses,boarding and alighting time of individual passenger,passenger number,and total time of the whole boarding and alighting process are obtained.Through descriptive statistical analysis,the parking time characteristics and the passengers’boarding and alighting time characteristics are also obtained.The influences of passenger number,time of individual passenger’s boarding and alighting process,and the total time of passengers’boarding and alighting process on the parking time of urban buses are further analyzed.By means of data fitting,the relationship factors and the model of bus parking time are obtained.The result shows that(1)the distribution range of bus parking time is 4-60.2 s,and the average parking time is 12.9 s,which is lognormally distributed;(2)the distribution range of individual passenger’s boarding time is 0.4~25.1 s,and the average boarding time is 2.45 s;(3)the distribution range of individual passenger’s alighting time is 0.3~10.4 s,and the average time of alighting time is 1.45 s;(4)the boarding and the alighting time are both lognormally distributed,but the time of boarding time is obviously longer than the alighting time;(5)there is a positive correlation between total time of passengers’boarding or alighting and passenger number,and the relationship between total time of passengers’alighting and alighting passenger number is more significant;(6)there is a remarkable positive correlation between bus parking time and maximal total time of passengers’boarding and alighting time,but it has little to do with of passenger number and total time of passengers’alighting.