基于ANSYS的子午线轮胎力学特性研究

Analysis on Mechanical Characteristics of Radial Tire Based on ANSYS

为分析子午线轮胎局部特征参数(帘线直径、帘线间距、帘线夹角和胎压)对其力学和刚度特性的影响,以一种子午线轮胎185/60 R1482H为研究对象,基于线弹性(主要针对钢丝/聚酯帘线)和Yeoh超弹性(主要针对橡胶材料)材料本构模型构建胎面-刚性路面的非线性静态接触过程。采用APDL参数化编程语言建立了轮胎-刚性路面接触系统的三维有限元模型,并据此分析了带束层中帘线直径、帘线间距、帘线夹角和胎压对子午线轮胎径向/横向力学特性的影响。通过径向/横向力学特性曲线并结合最小二乘法得到了子午线轮胎径向/横向刚度特性的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)适当提高胎压,增大帘线直径,减小帘线间距对于提高轮胎的径向和横向受载能力具有一定积极影响;(2)帘线夹角的增加使得轮胎的径向和横向承载能力会呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,因而存在一个最优帘线夹角,其使得轮胎的径向和横向受载能力均达到或接近最大;(3)多层帘线分布以及帘线夹角的存在会使得轮胎结构呈现出非对称性,进而导致轮胎在纯径向承载时会同时承受横向载荷的作用;(4)轮胎的径/横向刚度随胎压的增加而呈现出显著增大的趋势,帘线夹角则对轮胎的横向刚度影响最为明显,而帘线直径和帘线间距对径/横向刚度的影响较小。

In order to analyze the influence of some characteristic parameters of radial tire such as cord diameter,cord space,cord angle and tire pressure on the mechanical and stiffness properties,taking the 185/60 R1482H type radial tire as the research object,both linear-elastic and Yeoh hyper-elastic material constitutive models are adopted to build the nonliner static contact process between the radial tire and rigid road.The former material is aiming to the steel and polyester cords,and the latter one is aiming to the rubber.ANSYS Parametric Design Language(APDL)is applied to establish the 3D FE model of radial tirerigid road contact.Based on the established model,the influences of cord diameter,cord distance,cord angle located at the belt layer and tire pressure on the transverse and radial mechanical characteristics of radial tire are analyzed.The least square method in combination with radial/transverse mechanical characteristic curves is utilized to obtain the variation rules of radial/transverse stiffness characteristics of radial tire.The result shows that(1)improving tire pressure,increasing cord diameter,or decreasing cord distance properly could be helpful to enhance the radial/transverse loading capacity of the tire;(2)the radial/transverse loading capacity are firstly increasing and then decreasing with the increasing of cord angle,and this implies the existence of the optimal cord angle making the radial/transverse loading capacity reach or approach maximum;(3)the distribution of multi-layer cords and the existence of the cord angle would lead to the asymmetry of tire structure,and the transverse load would be simultaneously applied to the tire under the action of pure radial load;(4)the radial/transverse stiffness increases remarkably with the increasing of tire pressure,the cord angle has a significant influence on the transverse stiffness,while the transverse stiffness is hardly affected by cord diameter and cord space.