先秦至汉代动物油脂加工与应用研究

Research on Animal Fat Processing and Application from Pre-Qin to the Han dynasty

油脂是人类日常生活的必需品。先秦时期古人已经广泛使用动物油脂来满足生活中的需求。人们用油脂来烹饪各种美食,制作脂烛照明,方便夜间生活。秦汉时期动物油脂在社会生活中的利用尤其广泛。汉代设计巧妙的灯具可减少室内油烟。油脂作为护肤美容的化妆品,深受人们喜爱。行进的车轮需要定期添加润滑油。油脂与其他药物配制的药方可以治疗多种疾病。油脂在制革、练帛等方面也有广泛应用。动物油脂的应用深入到社会生活的许多方面,人们对其自然属性的深入了解与利用,是古代社会物质文化、思想文化及科技进步的一个缩影。

The grease had been the people’s daily necessities since the ancient times.Before the Qin dynasty ancestors had widely used animal oil to meet the various needs of life.People used fat to cook delicious food and made lipid candles which could illuminate and facilitate the night life.In the Qin and Han dynasties,animal fats were extensively used in social life.The lamps with skillful and novel design could reduce indoor smoke in the Han dynasty.Lipids were widely loved as cosmetic products for skin care and beauty.The running wheels should be lubricated regularly in the ancient time.Oil and other medicines were prepared to cure many kinds of diseases.Oil was widely used to make leather,silk and used in other respects.The application of animal fat went deep into many aspects of social life.It reflected the advancement in the social material culture,ideology and culture,and science and technology.