“发现”还是“发明”？“中国叙事学”建构路径述评

Discovery or Invention? Constructive Approaches Review of Chinese Narratology

30年来,"中国叙事学"的建构成就斐然,主要有四条路径:"学科本体"建构路径、"神话/故事叙事学"建构路径、"文学社会学"建构路径和"中国小说美学"建构路径。四条路径各有侧重,借助不同的学科方法和理论,共同构建了"中国叙事学"的多元系统。文化论、还原论和比较论是"中国叙事学"独特的建构视角。回归中国文化传统和叙事传统是"中国叙事学"建构方法的重要特色,也是区别于"西方叙事学"的鲜明标志。但是,"中国叙事学"的建构仍然存在一些亟待解决的问题。四条建构路径都致力于去"发现"那个本来就"在"的中国叙事传统,然而,在具体操作上却走的是"发明"的路径。基于中国文化系统的建构是"中国叙事学"的另一可能的建构路径。

In the past 30 years,the construction of Chinese narratology has obtained the striking achievements,mainly with the four constructive approaches,i.e. the constructive approaches of"Discipline Ontology","myth/tale narratology","literary sociology"and"Chinese novel aesthetics". The four paths have their own emphasis,and with the help of different subject methods and theories,the pluralistic system of Chinese narratology has been constructed. Cultural theory, reductionism and comparative theory are the unique construction perspectives of Chinese narratology. The return of Chinese cultural tradition and narrative tradition is an important feature of the construction method of"Chinese Narratology",and it is also a distinct symbol different from"Western Narratology". There are,however,some problems to be solved urgently. Although the four constructive approaches are all devoted to "discovering"the Chinese narrative tradition,in practice,they are all "inventing". The constructive foundation of "Chinese Narratology"should be the Chinese cultural system,while the existing construction approaches are not based on it. The construction based on the unique Chinese cultural system is another possible constructive approach of"Chinese Narratology".