建国70年《诗经》研究的成就与启示

Achievements and Enlightenment of the Study of The Book of Songs in the 70 Years Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

《诗经》是中国诗歌的源头,同时也是中国文学的源头;《诗经》奠定的文学传统一直影响了中国文学几千年。20世纪《诗》学研究史与中国文学研究史相终始;因此1949年-2019年70年的《诗》学研究所取得的成就,一定程度上代表了中国文学研究成就。70年《诗》学研究的历程,大致可以分为三个阶段:1949年-1978年、1979年-2000年、2001年-2019年。第一阶段的《诗》学研究发端于此前的"马克思主义《诗》学研究派",其中成果数量不多,但却强化了此前以"人民性"和历史唯物主义为基调的研究特色。第二阶段随着理论界对马克思主义文艺思想的深入研究和西方文学理论的引进,以及对中国传统学术方法的反思,《诗》学研究完成了学科自省,并在世纪之交开出多元并举的繁荣局面。进入新世纪的近二十年里,因为上博简、清华简等新材料的发现,以及马克思主义文艺理论在中国传统学术与西方学术话语的互鉴中显现出的主导作用,又使《诗》学研究向纵深发展。这对21世纪的中国古典文学研究具有重要的示范意义。

The Book of Songs is not only the source of Chinese poetry,but also the one of Chinese literature. The literary tradition laid down by The Book of Songs has been affecting Chinese literature for thousands of years. The history of its research in the20 th century ends with the one of Chinese literature research,so the achievements of it in 1949-2019 represent the achievements of Chinese literature research to some extent. The course of the study of The Book of Songs in 70 years can be divided into three stages:1949-1978,1979-2000 and 2001-2019. The first stage of the study of it originated from the previous "Marxist School of the Studies of The Book of Songs", in which the number of achievements is not large, but it strengthens the previous research characteristics based on"People’s nature"and historical materialism. In the second stage,with the in-depth study of Marxist literary thought and the introduction of western literary theory,as well as the reflection on Chinese traditional academic methods,the study of it completed the discipline’s introspect and opened up a prosperous situation of pluralism at the turn of the century. In the nearly twenty years since the beginning of the new century,due to the discovery of new materials such as the Shangbo bamboo slipse,Tsinghua bamboo slipse and other new materials,as well as the leading role of Marxist literary and artistic theory in the mutual learning of Chinese traditional academic and western academic discourse,the study of poetry has developed in depth. This is of great demonstration significance to the study of Chinese classical literature in the 21 st century.