山东省临床护士护理伦理认知与践行现状及影响因素调查分析

The cognitive level and practice status of nursing ethics of clinical nurses and related factors in Shandong Province

目的了解山东省临床护士护理伦理的认知水平及践行现状.方法采用临床护士护理伦理认知及践行现状调查问卷,依托山东省护理伦理专委会对山东省20所三级医院和10所二级医院的3205名护士进行调查,所有数据录入SPSS 17.0软件分析.结果山东省护士护理伦理认知总分为(16.65±3.25)分,伦理践行总分为(40.10±6.72)分.单因素分析显示,不同年龄、学历、工作年限、职称、婚姻状况、月收入及科室护理伦理认知水平差异有统计学意义(t=49.880,F=5.470~65.006,均P<0.01);不同性别、年龄、学历、工作年限、职称、婚姻状况、月收入及科室护理伦理践行水平差异有统计学意义(t=36.037、103.510,F=37.267~132.710,均P<0.01).多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、工作年限、职称对护理伦理认知水平的影响有统计学意义(t=4.407、2.010、2.926,P<0.05或0.01);性别、工作年限、职称、学历、月收入、婚姻状况对护理伦理践行水平的影响有统计学意义(t=2.070~5.396,P<0.01或0.05).结论山东省临床护士认知处于中等水平,能够知晓伦理的重要性,但在伦理践行方面存在缺陷.影响因素有医院管理、社会、患者、护士自身因素、国家政策等.建议通过医院继续教育、减轻护士工作量、加强正面宣传、加强管理层学习等途径改善临床护士的伦理认知与践行现状,从而提升护理服务.

Objective To investigate the cognitive level and practice status of nursing ethics of clinical nurses in Shandong Province.Methods 3205 nurses from 20 tertiary hospitals and 10 secondary hospitals were investigated using clinical nursing ethics cognition and practice questionnaire,with the aid of the special committee of nursing ethics in Shandong province.All data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results The total score of nursing ethics in Shandong Province was(16.65±3.25),and the total score of ethical practice was(40.10±6.72).Univariate analysis showed that there were differences in ethical cognitive level among nurses of different age,education,working years,professional title,marital status,income and working department(t=49.880,F=5.470-65.006,P<0.01);and there were differences in ethical practice level among nurses of different gender,age,education,working years,professional title,marital status,income and working department(t=36.037,103.510,F=37.267-132.710,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that different age,working years and professional title have statistically significant influence on the nursing ethical cognitive level;and different gender,working years,professional title,education,income and marital status have statistically significant influence on the nursing ethical practice level.Conclusion The ethical cognition of clinical nurses in Shandong province was in the middle level.Although nurses were aware of the importance of ethics,there were some weak points in ethical practice.The influencing factors include hospital management,society,patients,nurses'own factors,and national policies.It is recommended to improve ethical cognition and practice status by carrying out continuing education,reducing nurses′workload,strengthening positive publicity,and strengthening management learning,etc,thus improving nursing quality.