高新技术产品进口对我国人力资本积累的影响分析

The Impact of High-tech Products Import on China’s Human Capital Accumulation

基于我国2002-2016年的省际面板数据,运用系统广义矩估计方法,探讨了高新技术产品进口对我国人力资本积累的影响。研究结果表明:高新技术产品进口本身有利于人力资本水平的提升,但同时也应注意培育国内各地区与进口商品相匹配的吸收能力。否则,其带来的积极作用将难以发挥,甚至还会由于与地区自身生产力水平等不匹配而产生负向影响。高新技术产品进口所带来的人均国内生产总值增加会放松对劳动者教育投资的信贷约束,促进人力资本积累。外商直接投资通过知识技术溢出效应促进了人力资本积累,但这些促进作用也表现出较大的地区差异性。政府在吸引外资时应注意尽量避免引进仅以占领中国市场为目标的外资,因其会对人力资本产生抑制作用。高新技术产品进口增加会使受过高等教育的人力资本显著增长,而对只受过基础教育和中等教育人力资本的影响均不显著。

Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2002 to 2016, this paper uses the system generalized method of moments to explore the impact of high-tech imports on the accumulation of human capital in China. The results show that:(1) the increase of per capita GDP brought about by the import of high-tech products will relax the credit constraints of workers’ investment in education and promote the accumulation of human capital;(2) foreign direct investment promotes the accumulation of human capital through the spillover effect of knowledge and technology, but these effects also show great regional differences;(3) based on different education levels, the increase of import of high-tech products will lead to a significant increase of human capital in higher education, while the impact on human capital in basic education and secondary education is not significant.