广西十万大山农作物种质资源调查收集及多样性分析

Collection and Diversity Analysis on Crop Germplasm Resources in Shiwandashan Mountain of Guangxi

广西十万大山是重要的生物多样性富集地,研究广西十万大山农作物种质资源多样性,对保护当地重要农作物种质资源和挖掘优良基因具有十分重要的意义。本研究以“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”收集的各类种质资源为对象,整理和分析十万大山农作物种质资源的种类、分布及其多样性。结果表明:在十万大山收集的181份农作物种质资源中,包括粮食作物78份、经济作物53份、蔬菜39份、果树11份,隶属于22科39属44种;按种质类型包括地方品种资源146份、野生资源35份。针对广西十万大山受产业发展不平衡和现代农作物种植结构调整的影响,导致农作物种质资源急剧减少、许多优异种质资源濒临消失的现状,建议实施异位保存和原生境保护相结合的策略,并通过加快资源鉴定评价与开发利用,促进当地优异种质资源在乡村振兴和经济建设中的可持续利用。

Shiwandashan Mountain in Guangxi is an important area with abundant biodiversity.Surveying the diversity of Crop Germplasm Resources in this area is of great significance in protection and exploration of local crop germplasm/gene resources.By use of 181 germplasm resources,which were collected in a frame of the Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop,the clarification of species,geographic distribution and biodiversity were investigated.These germplasm accessions were clarified in 44 species,39 genera and 22 families.That included 78 feeding grain crops,53 industrial crops,39 vegetables and 11 fruit trees,including 146 local landraces and 35 wild accessions.Due to the unbalanced industrial development and adjustment of modern crop planting structure,the distribution and biodiversity of crop germplasm resource in Shiwandashan Mountain are constantly decreasing and many excellent germplasm resources are rarely found.These findings suggested a strategy on ectopic conservation and original habitat protection,which might promote the sustainable utilization of local excellent germplasm resources valuable for Rural Revitalization and economic construction.