网络犯罪国际法律机制建构的困境与路径设计

Dilemmas in the Construction of an International Legal Mechanism for Fighting Cyber Crime and the Relevant Path Design

目前,如何建构打击网络犯罪国际法律机制成为老牌网络国家和新兴网络国家争论的焦点。由于现有区域性法律机制本身存在难以从根本上克服的缺陷,老牌网络国家将《布达佩斯公约》发展为全球性机制的主张很难实现;与此同时,新兴网络国家在联合国框架下建构新的全球性机制的努力也存在多重障碍。基于国际社会存在建构新机制的需求,客观上需要建构新机制和联合国长期参与此种讨论等原因,制定新的全球性国际法律机制兼具理论和实践基础。不过,遵循何种路径建构此种机制尚存在分歧。本文认为,为跨越这些障碍、推动此种机制的达成,新兴国家可采取"两步走"的"多边主义"路径,分别且同步地从区域和联合国层面做出努力。

At present, how to construct an international mechanism to fight cyber crime has become the focal issue between the old leading cyber powers and the emerging leading cyber powers. It is difficult for the old leading cyber powers to develop the Budapest Convention into a global international convention due to the difficulty in finding full solutions to the problems in the existing regional legal mechanism. At the same time, there are multiple obstacles to construct a new international institution of the UN framework. Based on the wish of the international community to construct a new mechanism, the objective need to construct a new mechanism and the long-term participation of UN in the related discussions, it is feasible to formulate a new global international mechanism. However, there is disagreement on which path to follow to construct such mechanism. This paper argues that the emerging leading cyber powers can take multilateral approaches and making efforts at the regional level and the UN level respectively and synchronously in order to overcome these obstacles and help the successful establishment of such an international legal mechanism.