青海地区(0～6)岁儿童孤独症的患病率调查

A Survey on the Status of Autism among Children Aged 0-6 in Qinghai Province

目的:了解青海地区(0~6)岁儿童孤独症患病情况,为我省儿童发育评估及康复提供依据。方法:随机抽查青海地区(0~6)岁儿童4 000人,其中汉族1 000人,藏族1 000人,蒙古族儿童1 000人,回族儿童1 000人。采用孤独症行为量表(ABC)筛查。筛查阳性者进一步用儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)及ICD-10诊断标准进行评定、确诊。结果:在3 944名(0~6)岁儿童中用ABC量表初筛查阳性者39例,初筛阳性率为9.889‰。在性别和民族分布方面存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。在居住地和年龄方面无差异性。经CRAS量表评估及ICD-10诊断标准确诊为儿童孤独症者5例,总患病率为1.268‰。在汉族与少数民族比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在性别、居住地及年龄方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:青海地区儿童孤独症的患病率略低于国内报道的患病率,可能与地域文化及语言沟通不畅有关。需进一步培训相关专业人员扩大样本量进行调查。积极探索建立高原多民族地区孤独症儿童早期筛查、早期诊断、早期康复训练的干预体系迫在眉睫。

Objective:This study is aimed to understand the status of autism in children aged 0 to 6 in Qinghai province in order to provide evidence for the evaluation and rehabilitation of children’s development.Methods:A random sample of 4 000 children aged 0 to 6 from Qinghai were involved in this survey,which included 1 000 from Han nationality,1 000 from Tibetan nationality,1 000 from Mongolian nationality and 1 000 from Hui nationality.They were Screened by using autism behaviour scale(ABC). Screening positive patients were further assessed and diagnosed using the Child Autism Assessment Scale(CARS) and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria.Results:39 of 3 944 children aged(0~6)were initially screened positive by ABC scale, and the initial screening positive rate was 9.889‰.with significant differences in gender and ethnic distribution(P<0.01). There was no difference in residence or age.Five children with autism were diagnosed by CRAS scale assessment and icd-10 diagnostic criteria,with a total prevalence of 1.268‰.There was a significant difference between the Han nationality and the other minority nationalities(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in gender,residence and age(P>0.05).Conclusion:The prevalence of child autism in Qinghai area is slightly lower than that reported in China,which may be related to poor communication between culture and language.Further training is needed for relevant professionals to expand the sample size for surveys.It s urgent to actively explore the establishment of an intervention system for early screening,early diagnosis and early rehabilitation of autistic children in the plateau mufti-ethnic areas.