平原农区贫困地理格局及其分异机制——以安徽省利辛县为例

Geographical Pattern and Mechanism of Poverty Differentiation in Plain Areas: A Case Study of Lixin County, Anhui Province

以安徽省利辛县为例,运用空间自相关分析和地理探测器模型,验证了平原农区是否存在空间贫困陷阱,定量探测了平原农区农村贫困化主导因子,揭示了平原农区贫困化地域分异机制。结果表明:①平原农区农村贫困化存在明显的地域分异规律和空间集聚性,张庄村、贾桥村、徐田村、刘染村、陆楼村长期处于贫困发生率的"高高集聚"区,空间上存在贫困陷阱现象;②区位条件、公共服务等第二地理要素对平原农区贫困化分异起主导作用,自然环境、资源禀赋等第一地理要素的影响作用较弱,到县城中心距离、到主干道距离、公共服务点数量和人均耕地面积是利辛县农村贫困化的主导因子;③交互探测的结果显示,主导因素交互作用的驱动力呈非线性增强。平原农区在精准扶贫的实践中,应重视第二地理要素对贫困分异的增强作用,加强交通设施投入,合理布局公共服务点,促进基本公共服务均等化,为平原农区减贫提供基础保障。为了实现这一目标,亟待强化贫困地理学的贫困发生机制、贫困地理格局和减贫路径研究。

Taking Lixin County in Anhui Province as a typical case of plain areas, this article uses spatial autocorrelation analysis on poverty incidences in 361 administrative villages in Lixin County in 2014-2017 to confirm the existence of spatial poverty traps, located in high-high agglomeration areas of poverty incidence.Based on 9 geographical factors, this article use Geodetector model to quantitatively detect the leading factors of rural poverty differentiation in plain areas. The results are as follows: 1) There are also obvious regional differences and spatial agglomeration of poverty incidence in plain areas. Zhangzhuang Village, Jiaqiao Village,Xutian Village, Liuran Village and Lulou Village are the spatial poverty traps of Lixin County, which have been in the "high-high agglomeration" area of poverty incidence for a long time. 2) The second geographical factors, such as location conditions and public services, play a leading role in the differentiation of rural poverty in Lixin County, while the first geographical factors, such as natural environment and resource endowment,play a weak role. Distance to the center of the county, distance to main trunk roads, number of public service points and per capita cultivated land areas are the main factors for the differentiation of rural poverty in Lixin County. 3) The result of interaction detector shows that the driving force of interaction between dominant factors is non-linear. In the practice of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in plain areas, we should attach great importance to the enhancement of the second geographical factors on poverty differentiation, strengthen investment in transportation facilities, rationally allocate public service points to promote the equalization of basic public services and provide basic guarantee for poverty alleviation in plain areas.