遗嘱的目的解释与形式——以暗示说理论的论争及其修正为中心

The Objective Interpretation and Form of Testament——Focusing on the Arguments and Revisions of Indication Theory

暗示说理论论争的焦点问题是,当遗嘱人的真意在遗嘱中找不到暗示时,能否按照遗嘱人的真意对遗嘱作出相应的解释。该论争的实质是遗嘱的形式目的能否实现,形式目的所指向的各种利益能否得到保护。在特殊的个案中,当遗嘱人真意在遗嘱文义中不存在暗示时,可以考虑从遗嘱文本的目的出发,在不超出遗嘱处分的范围内,将遗嘱文义按照遗嘱人的真意作出相应的解释。

The theoretical argument of indication theory is when the testator’s true intention couldn’t be found in the will,one can explain the will according to the true intention of the testator or not. And the essence of the argument is whether the formal purpose of the will can be realized,and the various interests pointed to by the formal purpose can be protected. In a special case,when the testator’s true intention is not implied in the testamentary meaning,the testamentary meaning can be interpreted according to the testator’s true intention from the purpose of the testamentary text and within the scope of testamentary disposition.