公益诉讼“国家化”的反思

Reflection on the Nationalization of Public Interest Litigation

在我国独特的"国家-社会"结构影响下,公益诉讼从规范到实践层面皆呈现明显的"国家化"现象。检察机关、行政机关已取代社会组织,成为公益诉讼最重要的发起主体。这既有历史的成因,也有现实的原因。但是,公益诉讼"国家化"所隐含的问题逐步显现,检察机关运动式诉讼,行政机关寻租空间扩张等均是值得警惕的弊端。社会组织能够发挥权力监督制约、诉求表达、责任分担的功能,在公共利益保护中的作用无可替代。为了走出"社会事务,国家担责"的逻辑怪圈,应当积极培育社会组织,为其提起公益诉讼提供便利、激励,并借鉴比较法经验,完善保护公共利益的诉讼制度。

Under the influence of China’s unique "state-society"structure,public interest litigation has a clear "nationalization"tendency from norm to practice. The procuratorial organs and administrative organs have replaced social organizations and become the most important sponsors of public interest litigation. This has both historical and contemporary reasons. However,the problems implied by the "nationalization"of public interest litigation are gradually emerging. The procuratorial organ’s campaign-style law enforcement and the administrative agency’s expansion of power abuse are all worthy of vigilance. Social organizations can play the role of power supervision and restriction,appeal expression,and responsibility sharing,and their role in the protection of public interests is irreplaceable. In order to get out of the confusing logical circle of"the state bears responsibility of social affairs",we should actively cultivate social organizations,provide convenience and encouragement for raising public interest litigation,and learn from the experience of comparative law to improve the litigation system for protecting public interests.