陶寺遗址的水资源利用和水控制

On The Water Utilization and Control at Taosi Townsite

陶寺遗址主要利用汾河的支流南河与自然河流宋村沟,为普通居址和手工业区提供生产水源,并将地表水引入宫城,形成自然池苑景观,既改善环境,又保证消防安全。陶寺早期的“凌阴”储冰是一种特殊的水资源利用方式。陶寺遗址的水控制体系主要表现为陶寺中期宫城的排水渠系统以及陶寺中晚期的导洪沟槽的开挖。宫城内居民饮水可能更依赖井水。陶寺微环境中的水资源,还被用在城市布局中,以体现宇宙观。在外来势力的政治报复中,则被用于“水克火”的厌胜巫术。

The water supplies for the habitant settlements and handicrafts industry zone of Taosi townsite were mainly sourced from Nanhe and Suncungou branches of the Fenhe River.The surface water is drawn into the imperial palace through water diversion works to create a natural pool in the garden which improved the environment and met the demand from the fire-fighting inside.Besides the‘Ice House’in the early Taosi,some other projects for water storage and utilization were implemented inside the palace including the construction of drainage and spillway completed respectively in the middle and later period of Taosi.The drinking water for the people inside the palace was sourced from the wells.The water of Taosi in such a micro environment also served the urban plan for the embodiment of the view of universe and played as the symbol of magic power to revenge the political outsiders by the belief that water conquered over fire.