海外华人的文化适应与认同研究——以中亚的“东干”(dunggan)为个案

Overseas Chinese’s Cultural Adaptation and Identity——A Study on Dunggan in Central Asia as a Case

"海外华人"研究是近年来我国民族学人类学“海外民族志”研究的热点之一,是本土学术研究视阈的重要转向。"东干"是海外华人的重要组成部分,同样是学术界近年来聚焦的重点之一。本文通过文献资料和“田野”资料对"东干"的多元身份与认同进行了历史的话语分析,以此个案揭示了在流动的多元文明世界中,华人文化的包容性和适应性,且移民族群的身份与认同不是单一结构,而是一个可旋转的复合的多面结构,具体的场域一语境决定了族群的"面相"即身份与认同。进而认为人类学的发展须抛弃各执一理的理论偏见,要深刻地认识到复杂的人文世界不是任何理论能够按图索骥的,精耕细作的"田野工作"依然是人类学理解这个身在其中的复杂的人文世界——“我们”的不二法门。

The studies on overseas Chinese are an important focus of Ethnology, for example of Dunggan in Central Asian of overseas Chinese too, which is a key turn of local ethnology in China. The paper mainly studies on cultural adaptation and multi-identify of Dunggan in historical contexts according to documentary literatures and fieldwork, which shows overseas Chinese cultural adaptation and tolerance in civilizations of world. The case also indicates ethnic identity is a complicated and multi-faced structure in different social contexts, as well as which tells us that Ethnology must realize complexity of cultures or civilizations in world and has to give up any slavish theories, so thorough fieldwork is still essential path to understand humanities of multiplex cultures in world.