文本、权力与话语——《民国化平县志》的历史人类学解读

Text, Power and Discourse——Analysis of “Chorography of Huaping County during the Period of the Republic of China” from Historical Anthropological Perspective

本文通过对《民国化平县志》的历史人类学的话语分析,揭示了中国传统的方志不仅是传统历史学的"文类",更是一种权力生产的文本话语,这种话语是国家、地方与民间话语之三种权力层级的顺势合谋与应时利用,是大写的"王朝"或"国家"、"地方"与小写的"个体"之权力对话创作的文本。作为话语的文本表明历史的记录与写作不只是一种知识能力,更是一种知识的话语权力。历史的研究(包括方志学)若仅凭"史料"的引证而忽略"史料"背后的语境、国家或地方权力的层级与配置、话语者"身份"的解析,就可能会陷入权力的陷阱。那些超越特定历史语境的所谓的真实的、客观的历史并不存在,或者说它作为"标准"的历史知识其客观性、真实性只存在于特定的权力语境中,不论是"正史"还是"方志"都是如此。

This paper tries to make a case study of"chorography of Huaping county during the period of the Republic of China",in order to reveal that local chorography is a kind of textual discourse produced by power,which is a product of cooperation and competition among country,local society and individual.The analysis of textual discourse explains that writing history is not only an ability,and also a discourse power.Study of history(including chorography)should consider that text is not only the reflection of national or local power,but also the practice strategy from what the writer tried to express local consciousness、ethnic identity and to reconstruct historical memories.Accordingly,the absolutely objective history does not exist.The objectivity and authenticity of standard historical knowledge only exist in the context of specific power.