清代大通县札马图金矿开采史略——以档案资料为中心

Brief History of Zhamatu Gold Ore Mining of Datong in Qing Dynasty——Centered on Archival Data

札马图金矿是清代甘肃西宁府大通县最大的金矿之一,清政府于乾隆三十九年在札马图正式设厂开采后,除了道光三年至光绪初年处于封闭关厂状态外,其他年份一直在开采,直至清朝结束。札马图金厂实行官督商办,每名金夫每日交纳正课金五厘,每两正课金抽撒散金三分,但后来这种课金征收方式发生了变化,至光绪年间,实行总商包课。有清一代,札马图金厂所交纳的课金约为6000两左右,在清代金矿开发史上占有重要地位。

Zhamatu gold ore was one of the biggest ones of Datong in Qing Dynasty,Qing government began to mine from thirty-nine years of Qianlong reign.It exploited all the time until to the end of Qing Dynasty,only closed from the third year of Daoguang reign to the early year of Guangxu.It practiced the system of government-supervised and merchant-managed,each miner handed in five Li gold every day,the commission was three scattered gold per liang every day.Later,the collection method changed,to Guangxu period,it was jobbed by contractor.The commission gold of Zhamatu gold factory was 6000 liang or so,it took an important position in Qing Dynasty.